The New Georgia Encyclopedia is supported by funding from A More Perfect Union, a special initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Frankie Welch wearing a Cherokee Alphabet dress in front of Duvall House, Alexandria, Virginia, 1968.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Cherokee Alphabet scarf, 1967, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Discover America scarf, ca. 1968, unidentified fabric.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Hubert H. Humphrey scarf, 1968, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Hubert H. Humphrey dress, 1968.
Courtesy of Ashley Callahan
Frankie flyer, ca. 1975.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Basket Weave Frankie and Turtles Frankie, n.d.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Republican National Convention Frankie and pinafore, 1968.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, (left) Frankie Welch Collection, Rome Area History Center and (right) Frankie Welch Textile Collection, Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries.
Models wearing Clyde’s scarf and tie, ca. 1976.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Fifty State Flowers scarf, 1970, cotton.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
National Cherry Blossom Festival, Washington, D.C., scarf, 1970, unidentified fabric.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Collection, Rome Area History Center.
Frankie Welch of Virginia scarf, 1969, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Member of Congress scarf, 1969, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Collection, Historic Clothing and Textile Collection, College of Family and Consumer Science, University of Georgia.
Washington, D.C., scarf design, ca. 1978.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
McDonald’s scarf, 1976, Qiana.
Courtesy of Ashley Callahan
McCormick scarf, 1977, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
McCormick scarf, 1978, polyester.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Red Cross napachief, 1981, unidentified synthetic fabric.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
National Treasures (Mount Vernon) scarf, 1993, silk.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
BB&T bandana, n.d., cotton.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Betty Ford and Frankie Welch with the Betty Ford scarf, 1975.
U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Betty Ford scarf/scarves, 1975, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Frankie Welch, 1987.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
University of Georgia scarf for the President’s Club, 1982, polyester.
Courtesy of Ashley Callahan
Garden Club of Georgia scarf, 1978, polyester.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Tobacco Institute scarf, 1978, cotton.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Turtles scarf, designed ca. 1971, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Thirteen Original States scarf, designed 1975, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
National Press Club scarf, 1973, unidentified fabric.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Collection of Frankie Welch, Peggy Welch Williams, and Genie Welch Leisure.
Peanut scarf for Governor and Mrs. Jimmy Carter, 1973, silk.
Courtesy of Ashley Callahan
Scarf for the inauguration of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, 1980, polyester.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
Georgia Libraries Association scarf, 1971, Qiana.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Frankie Welch Textile Collection.
The Edward H. Inman (1925-28) House in Atlanta, also known as Swan House, is one of Philip Trammell Shutze's best-known works with the partnership Hentz, Adler and Shutze. Mrs. Inman chose the swan motif from which the house gets its name.
Walter McElreath was an Atlanta-based attorney, banking executive, legislator, and the founding president of the Atlanta Historical Society (today the Atlanta History Center).
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
GEORGIA Magazine, originally called RURAL GEORGIA, is the state's oldest magazine.Â
Courtesy of GEORGIA Magazine
In 1990Â RURAL GEORGIAÂ changed its name to GEORGIA Magazine to reflect its growing popularity in the state's metropolitan centers.Â
Courtesy of GEORGIA Magazine
The November 2016 issue of GEORGIA Magazine featured a cover story on restoration work at Pasaquan, a folk art installation outside Buena Vista.Â
Courtesy of GEORGIA Magazine
RURAL GEORGIA, which later became GEORGIA Magazine, was published in Millen until 1977, when its offices moved to Atlanta.Â
Courtesy of GEORGIA Magazine
The January 1995 issue of GEORGIA Magazine featured articles on winemaking and filmmaking in Georgia.Â
Courtesy of GEORGIA Magazine
The American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus, is an endangered species and is no longer found in Georgia. Beetles, order Coleoptera, are the largest group of insects, and thousands of species can be found in Georgia.
Photograph by the Frost Museum
European honeybees are not native to Georgia, but records show they arrived in the state by 1743. They were named the state insect in 1975. In addition to creating honey, honeybees pollinate several crops, including blueberries, apples, melons, and gourds.
Photograph by Waugsberg
An adult silkmoth, Bombyx mori. This species's caterpillar, the mulberry silkworm, has produced silk textiles for millennia. Eighteenth-century Georgia colonists tried and failed to establish a silk industry in Savannah.
Photograph by Nikita
Solenopsis invicta are an invasive ant species from South America. The species has interbred with native ants to create hybrid ant species that threaten soybean production. All ants are eusocial, which means they live in strict social hiearchies.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Researchers have attributed recent declines in apiary honeybee populations to parasitic varroa mites, pictured between the bee's wings above. Varroa mites suck drone and developing brood blood, weakening individuals. An untreated varroa infestation may kill colonies.
Photograph by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
The golden garden spider, Argiope aurantia, is a member of the orb-web family. Here, an individual uses its spinnerets, located on its abdomen, to trap prey. Spiders are exclusively carnivorous, though the golden garden spider is no danger to humans.
Photograph by Tom McC
Widow spiders produce cobwebs and seclude themselves in dark, isolated areas. They have a painful bite, which requires medical attention, but they are rarely fatal.
Photograph by Charaj
The eastern tiger swallowtail, Papilo glaucus, is the state butterfly of Georgia. It's common across the eastern United States.
Courtesy of Loy Xingwen
Gus Whalen, the fourth-generation president and CEO of the Warren Featherbone Company, was a major employer in Gainesville and a noted philanthropist. His advocacy of "intergenerational community learning" brought him national attention in the 2000s.Â
©Billy Howard
Bill Hardman recieves an award in Atlanta during Bill Hardman Day.
Governor Carl Sanders cuts the ribbon at the opening of the Columbus Welcome Center, off Interstate 185 on June 8, 1965. Bill Hardman, in glasses, looks on.
While serving as Georgia's tourism director from 1959 to 1970, Bill Hardman revolutionized the state's image among vacationers. He was the driving force behind the creation of the state's welcome centers and of clever campaigns like "See Georgia First" and "Stay and See Georgia." Through his efforts, the state shed its reputation for speed traps, clip joints, and poor roads.
Courtesy of Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, William Hardman Sr.'s Papers.
Hardman, in center with glasses, looks on as Georgia Welcome Center hostesses debut new Georgia tourism posters for 1966.
Bill Hardman promoted Georgia at every opportunity through parades, radio and television spots, and trade shows. By 1967 tourist spending in Georgia reached more than $570 million.
Bill Hardman became the founding president of the Southern Travel Directors' Council in 1965. The council adopted the "Travel South USA" motto in 1971.
E. D. Rivers speaks in 1939, during his second gubernatorial term, at a gathering in Union County, located in the north Georgia mountains. During his first term, Rivers secured federal funding to support public housing and rural electrification in the state.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #uni005.
The soybean plant, first introduced to Georgia in 1765, originated in China. The plant was brought to the Georgia colony by Samuel Bowen, who planted it after settling in Savannah. In the latter part of the nineteenth century, the U.S. Department of Agriculture encouraged the cultivation of soybeans in the state.
Photograph by Carl Dennis, Auburn University. Courtesy of IPM Images
In 1924, three years after Roosevelt contracted polio, he began visiting Warm Springs in Georgia. The springs were thought to be beneficial for polio victims. Roosevelt, who became the U.S. president in 1932, is pictured in front of the Little White House in Warm Springs.
Courtesy of Georgia Info, Digital Library of Georgia.
Members of a Heard County family pose in front of their cotton crop, circa 1900. Residents of the county began raising cotton in the nineteenth century, but many were forced to abandon the crop during the first decades of the twentieth century, in the wake of the boll weevil devastations and the Great Depression.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
hrd005.
Soybeans were introduced to the United States by Samuel Bowen, a seaman who brought the seeds from China. At Bowen's request, Henry Yonge planted the first soybean crop on his farm in Thunderbolt, a few miles east of Savannah, in 1765.
Photograph by the United Soybean Board
Alonzo Fields (far right), the farm supervisor at the Flint River Farms Resettlement Community in Macon County, directs the harvesting of oats in 1939. Flint River Farms was an experimental planned community established in 1937 for African American sharecroppers.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, #LC-USF33- 030402-M1 [P&P].
The school building at the Flint River Farms Resettlement Community, an experimental farm established in Macon County for African American sharecroppers, included a schoolhouse, teacher's residence, and related buildings.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Dr. Thomas M. Adams and project nurse Lillie Mae McCormick, pictured in 1937, administer a typhoid shot in the health clinic at the Flint River Farms Resettlement Community in Macon County.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, #LC-USF34- 051634-D [P&P] LOT 1541.
Project manager Amos Ward (left?) and Farm Security Administration borrower Simon Joiner inspect wheat in 1939 at the Flint River Farms Resettlement Community in Macon County. A variety of crops, including wheat, oats, cotton, pecans, and peaches were grown at the farms.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, #LC-USF33- 030398-M4 [P&P] LOT 1541.
Students, pictured in 1939, gather outside the schoolhouse at the Flint River Farms Resettlement Community in Macon County. A field of oats grows in front of the school.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, #LC-USF34- 051647-D [P&P] LOT 1541.
A classroom of first graders is pictured in 1939 at the Flint River Farms Resettlement Community in Macon County. The school opened to elementary-age children in 1938, and by 1946 it offered classes in all twelve grades.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, #LC-USF34- 051617-D [P&P] LOT 1541.
Evelyn M. Driver (center) instructs students in home economics and management in 1939 at the Flint River Farms Resettlement Community in Macon County.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection, #LC-USF33- 030379-M3 [P&P] LOT 1541.
Sidney Root, a prominent Atlanta businessman, was an integral part of the Confederate war effort during the Civil War. He later served as the director of the International Cotton Exposition of 1881 in Atlanta and, as park commissioner for the city, was instrumental in the building of Grant Park.
Robert Woodruff, the president of the Coca-Cola Company, is pictured with Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans at the Stork Club in New York City, during the 1940s. Evans owned the Atlanta Coca-Cola Bottling Company, founded by her husband Joseph Whitehead, for several decades before selling it to Woodruff in 1932.
Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans, a Virginia native, was a prominent businesswoman and philanthropist in Atlanta during the first half of the twentieth century. In 1932 she joined the board of directors for the Coca-Cola Company, becoming one of the first women in the country to serve on the board of a major corporation.
Georgia governor Joe Frank Harris (left) presents Herman J. Russell, an Atlanta entrepreneur and community leader, with the award for the Atlanta Business League's CEO of the Year in 1986.
Courtesy of Archives Division, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System, Harmon Perry Photograph Collection.
Three prominent civil rights leaders from Atlanta gather in 1987 to endorse the candidacy of Richard Arrington Jr. for mayor of Birmingham, Alabama. Arrington won the election to become the first Black mayor of that city. From left, Herman J. Russell, Andrew Young, Richard Arrington, and Jesse Hill.
Courtesy of Archives Division, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, Atlanta–Fulton Public Library System, Harmon Perry Photograph Collection.
Herman J. Russell (left), founder of the Atlanta-based construction and real estate conglomerate H. J. Russell and Company, consults in 1983 with developer Robert Holder on plans for the Delta Air Lines building in College Park.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The BellSouth Telecommunications Building, located at 675 West Peachtree Street in Atlanta, was built in 1980 by the Atlanta-based firm FABRAP, in conjunction with Skidmore Owings and Merrill of New York. It served as headquarters for both Southern Bell and BellSouth. In 2006 BellSouth was absorbed by AT&T, and today the building is part of the AT&T Midtown Center.
Courtesy of AT&T
A BellSouth service van contains installation and repair equipment for such products as local and long-distance telephone service, Internet service, and satellite television. BellSouth offered these services in Georgia from 1984 until its merger with AT&T in 2006.
Courtesy of AT&T
The central office of the Georgia Department of Labor is pictured in 2008 at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Andrew Young International Boulevard in Atlanta. The Department of Labor, created in 1937, provides workforce and vocational rehabilitation services, in addition to overseeing workplace safety programs and gathering labor and occupational statistics in Georgia.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Labor
Mark Butler, the commissioner of the Georgia Department of Labor, was elected in 2010.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Labor
The Valdosta Career Center, pictured circa 2008, is one of fifty-three career centers administered by the Georgia Department of Labor. These career centers, which aim to assist Georgia workers through training, educational resources, and financial support, replace traditional unemployment offices in the state.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Labor
The Athens Career Center, pictured circa 2008, provides computers and other resources to job seekers in the Clarke County area. The center is administered by the Georgia Department of Labor.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Labor
Michael L. Thurmond, the commissioner of the Georgia Department of Labor, was elected in 1998 and served until 2011.
Courtesy of Dekalb County
The Atlanta Business Chronicle, founded by Bob Gray and Mike Weingart in 1978, is a weekly journal that covers business and industry news in Atlanta. Today the publication is owned by American City Business Journals.
John D. Gray was the first major railroad contractor in the South and served as president of the Monroe Railroad in Georgia. During the Civil War he manufactured weaponry for the Confederacy.
Courtesy of Nancy Eubanks
Workers at the Brumby Chair Company in Marietta pause for their noon break in the summer of 1903. Under the leadership of Thomas Brumby, who helmed the company from 1888 to 1923, the Brumby Chair Company became one of the largest employers in Marietta and one of the largest chair factories in the Southeast.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
cob106.
A Brumby Chair Company delivery truck is pictured, circa 1928. The Brumby Chair Company, based in Marietta, was incorporated in 1884 by brothers Jim and Thomas Brumby. The company, which the family continues to operate, is best known for its iconic rocking chair.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
cob299.
Marietta leaders gather in the law office of Rip Blair (seated right) to honor Niles Trammel (seated left), circa 1940. Otis Brumby Sr. (standing far left) was the vice president of Brumby Chair Company. Also standing, from left: Stanton Read, Ed Massey, Jake Northcutt, Eugene McNeel Sr., unknown, Ryburn Clay, J. J. Daniell, Morgan McNeel.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
cob498.
While the introduction of new machinery to textile factories in the 1970s resulted in workforce reductions across the state, the carpet industry of north Georgia weathered such changes, producing around 80 percent of the world's carpets in the twenty-first century.
Courtesy of Carpet and Rug Institute
A hosiery mill at Union Point, in Greene County, produces socks in 1941. Textile mills in Georgia began producing a variety of cotton products, including hosiery, carpet yarn, and twine, after 1900.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
A young girl, pictured in 1909, works as a spinner in a Georgia cotton mill. Children were a signficant presence in the state's textile mills, accounting for 24 percent of the workforce in 1890.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
During the Civil War, Union forces burned the New Manchester Manufacturing Company on July 9, 1864. Today its ruins lie in the Sweetwater Creek State Park in Douglas County. The creek, mill ruins, and surrounding land were preserved by the Georgia Conservancy in the late 1960s.
Image from Travis Hudgons
One face of the seal adopted by the Georgia Trustees features a silkworm, mulberry leaf, and cocoon, representing their hopes that the colonists would establish a thriving silk industry. The Latin motto Non sibi sed aliis translates as "Not for self, but for others."
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society.
The white mulberry tree (Morus alba) was introduced to Georgia in 1734, when James Oglethorpe established the Trustee Garden in Savannah. Mulberry leaves are used to feed silkworms, which the colonists raised to make silk for shipment to England.
Photograph by Wikimedia
The Chattahoochee River flows through Columbus, one of the cities located along the fall line marking the boundary between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain geologic provinces. The hard rocks of the Piedmont form outcrops that create rapids and waterfalls along the fall line.
Photograph by andrewI04Â
The Whitehall Mill Store (1850) served the employees of the Georgia Factory, which opened in Athens in 1829. In 1835 Whitehall, the state's first mill village, was established near the factory, on the banks of the North Oconee River. The two-story brick shotgun building features a romanesque facade topped by a two-level battlement.
Courtesy of Owens Library, School of Environment and Design, University of Georgia, John Linley Collection.
The ruins of the New Manchester Manufacturing Company, a textile mill burned during the Civil War, are located at Sweetwater Creek State Park, in Douglas County. The mill, one of the largest factories in Georgia, was destroyed in 1864 by Union general William T. Sherman's troops during their march to the sea.
Photograph by Evangelio Gonzalez
Eagle and Phenix Mills, built in Columbus around 1868, was eventually acquired by the W. C. Bradley Company, which was founded in 1895 by financier and philanthropist W. C. Bradley. In 2003 the company began a redevelopment project on the old mill site.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic American Engineering Record, #HAER GA,108-COLM,17-19.
Workers gather in front of the Laurel Woolen Mill in Roswell, circa 1890. The state's textile industry experienced strong growth during the last decades of the nineteenth century, with many northern investors choosing to locate mills in the South.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ful0525.
Mill houses line a street in Dalton, circa 1930. The carpet and textile industries in the city began in the late nineteenth century with the tufted bedspreads of Catherine Evans Whitener and by the 1940s had developed into a mechanized industry in Whitfield County.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
wtf013a.
Workers at the Callaway Mills in LaGrange operate weaving machinery, circa 1930. The mills were founded by Fuller Callaway Sr., who operated a number of profitable mills in LaGrange in the early twentieth century.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
trp252.
Crown Cotton Mill No. 2, located on Chattanooga Avenue in Dalton, is pictured in the late 1920s. Established in 1884, Crown Cotton Mill brought much-needed economic activity to Whitfield County and by 1916 employed 1,000 workers.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
wtf014b.
Striking textile workers outside the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, 1934. Despite promises of reform made after the General Textile Strike of 1934, conditions in many mills did not improve until 1941, when the United States entered World War II.
A mill worker is pictured in October 1941 at the Mary-Leila Cotton Mill in Greensboro. Mills in Georgia were profitable during World War II (1941-45), producing such items as nylon and silk, as well as life rafts and uniforms for the war effort.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Employees of Thomaston Mills work in the plant during the late 1990s. Thomaston Mills was a major employer in Upson County from its beginning in 1899 until 2001, when the company declared bankruptcy.
Courtesy of Thomaston-Upson Archives
Banning Mill, initially known as Bowen's Mill, was founded along Snake Creek in Carroll County during the 1840s. Until its closure in 1971, Banning Mill was the oldest continuously operated mill in Georgia.
Photograph by Ed Schipul
Mill workers went on strike at Callaway Mills in LaGrange during the General Textile Strike of ’34, along with approximately 44,000 others in Georgia.
Courtesy of Troup County Archives
A representative from Quick Start, a nationally recognized program offering free workforce training to new and exisiting companies in Georgia, makes a presentation to business leaders. Quick Start's services help to attract new investment and job creation in the state.
Courtesy of Quick Start
The state capitol building, completed in 1889, features a cornerstone, interior floor and steps, and many walls made of Georgia marble. Marble mined in the state was also used to construct 60 percent of the monuments and the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
A gang saw at the first plant built by the Georgia Marble Company in Pickens County is pictured circa 1885. The company was founded in 1884 by Samuel Tate, who in the 1830s purchased large tracts of land containing marble in north Georgia.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # pck285-85.
Colonel Sam Tate (second from left), the grandson of Georgia Marble Company founder Samuel Tate, poses with a group of foremen at the Pickens County plant, circa 1925. Colonel Sam served as president of the company from 1905 until his death in 1938.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # pck111-82.
Colonel Sam Tate, the president of the Georgia Marble Company, oversees the production of a marble bench in the Pickens County plant, circa 1930. The marble industry in the state prospered during the early 1930s but suffered losses from 1933 through the rest of the decade.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # pck250-85.
Sacks of ground or pulverized marble are produced at the Calcium Products Division of the Georgia Marble Company in Tate (Pickens County), circa 1950. The division was created in 1947 to sell "waste" marble, which is used as filler in paints and plastics. Ground marble products became the company's main product by the late 1980s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #pck253-85.
Marble slabs used to make columns during reconstruction work on the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., are cut at the Georgia Marble Company in Pickens County, circa 1958.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # pck043-82.
Workers for the Georgia Marble Company sit for a portrait during the 1920s at the Marblehill Quarry in Pickens County. Marble from Pickens County is reported to have been used in around 60 percent of the monuments in Washington, D.C.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
pck018-82.
The Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia is housed in Brooks Hall (middle), located on the university's historic north campus. Terry College offers seven degree programs and is consistently ranked as one of the best business schools in the nation.
Courtesy of Terry College of Business, University of Georgia
Brooks Hall, designed by prominent Atlanta architect Neel Reid, was built in 1928 on the north campus of the University of Georgia in Athens. The building houses the Terry College of Business, which was founded in 1912 as the School of Commerce.
Image from Coxonian
Mills B. Lane Jr., a native of Savannah, was president of Citizens and Southern National Bank, based in Atlanta, from 1946 to 1973. During his tenure Lane financed several major projects in the city, including the Atlanta Stadium, and worked to establish peaceful race relations in both Atlanta and Savannah.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
An International League baseball game is played at the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium in 1965, the same year in which the facility was completed. In addition to sporting events, the stadium was used for concerts and other large gatherings before it was destroyed in 1997 to make way for Turner Field (later Center Parc Stadium).
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The headquarters for Crawford & Company, the world's largest independent insurance adjuster, are located in Atlanta. As of 2007 the company, which comprises the Broadspire, Global Property & Casualty, and Legal Settlement Administration divisions, operates 700 offices in 63 countries.
Courtesy of Crawford & Company
In 1941 Jim Crawford founded Crawford & Company, an independent insurance claims-adjusting firm, in Columbus. Five years later Crawford developed an internal training program, known today as Crawford University, which helped employees fulfull the company's mission of "Top Quality, Promptly."
Courtesy of Crawford & Company
A catastrophe adjuster for Crawford & Company, an Atlanta-based independent insurance adjusting company, examines damage caused by Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf Coast in 2005. Crawford introduced catastrophe services in the early 1970s.
Courtesy of Crawford & Company
Chateau Elan, a winery and resort in Braselton, is modeled on a sixteenth-century chateau in France's Loire Valley. The winery, founded in 1981 by Donald and Nancy Panoz, produces a variety of wines from the native muscadine grape, as well as from the vinifera grape, a European species.
Image from Dave Morrison Photography
The muscadine grape, native to Georgia, is used in the production of several wines, including the award-winning Summer Wine, at Chateau Elan in Braselton.
Courtesy of Gerard Krewer
D. W. Brooks, a national agricultural leader for much of the twentieth century, was a native of Franklin County. In 1933, along with five farmers, he founded the Georgia Cotton Cooperative Association in Carroll County. The cooperative, later known as the Cotton Producers Association, changed its name to Gold Kist in 1974.
Courtesy of Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, D. W. Brooks Papers.
D. W. Brooks speaks before a meeting of the Georgia Cotton Cooperative Association, which he cofounded in Carroll County in 1933. The association fostered cooperation among farmers to help them overcome numerous economic difficulties. Initially focused on cotton, the cooperative expanded into insurance, fertilizer, seed, and other farm supplies during the 1940s.
Courtesy of Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, D. W. Brooks Papers.
D. W. Brooks (left), a Georgia native, sits with U.S. president Jimmy Carter. Carter was one of seven presidents to be advised by Brooks on agricultural policy.
Courtesy of Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, D. W. Brooks Papers.
Heat 'N' Serve Shrimp is one of many seafood products sold by Brunswick-based King and Prince Seafood. The product was first developed at the company's research and development facility in the 1960s.
From The Story of King & Prince Seafood Corporation, by L. Faulkenberry
In 1924 Gerald Beach founded King Shrimp Company (later King and Prince Seafood), a seafood wholesaling enterprise based in Brunswick. He bought shrimp from fishermen in Thunderbolt to supplement his own catch for shipment to Chicago and New York City.
From The Story of King & Prince Seafood Corporation, by L. Faulkenberry
A freezer building for King and Prince Seafood, based in Brunswick, was built in 1987. Founded in 1924 as a seafood wholesaler, the company produces a variety of frozen food products for both the retail and restaurant markets.
From The Story of King & Prince Seafood Corporation, by L. Faulkenberry
Columbus native William Bradley Turner has been a business, civic, and philanthropic leader through his work with the Synovus Financial Corporation, the W. C. Bradley Company, the Bradley-Turner Foundation, and the Pastoral Institute.
Courtesy of Synovus
Passengers pose for a photograph, circa 1901, at Gallemore, a community in Twiggs County located between Macon and Danville. Railroad construction played a key role in the settlement patterns of Twiggs County in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
bib050.
The Central of Georgia Railway overpass in Savannah crosses the Savannah-Ogeechee Canal, shown around 1888. The bridge still exists in Savannah today.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Georgia Historical Society Collection of Photographs, 1870-1960, #GHS 1361PH-28-11-5395.
A Norfolk Southern engine is pictured in 2007. Norfolk Southern and CSX are the only major railroad lines still operating in Georgia.
Photograph from Wikimedia
A Central of Georgia Railway train stops at the depot in Colquitt, the seat of Miller County, around 1890. The only incorporated town in the county, Colquitt was named in honor of preacher and politician Walter Terry Colquitt.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
mil001.
Gaining control of the railroads leading into and out of Atlanta was key to Union victory during the Civil War. On June 3, 1864, Union general William T. Sherman overcame the Confederates at Allatoona Pass. The Allatoona train depot appears in the center of this 1864 photograph, taken by George N. Barnard.
Courtesy of U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
Bystanders greet the arrival of the first train on the Tifton, Thomasville, and Gulf Railroad in Thomasville, on July 20, 1900.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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The East and West Railroad, built between Cartersville and Cedartown around 1900, is one of several railroads that came to Polk County in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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A portion of the Southern Railroad known as the North Broad Curve, photographed in 1908, winds through Stephens County near Toccoa. Economic growth in Toccoa, which was dubbed the "Furniture, Thread, and Steel City," was spurred by its close proximity to the railroad running between Atlanta and Charlotte, North Carolina.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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The depot at Bremen in Haralson County, pictured circa 1925, was built for the Southern Railway. Norfolk Southern, which bought Southern, still uses the lines for its freight trains.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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The Atlanta terminal station. Railroads expanded in Atlanta during the 1840s, making the city a commerce and transportation hub.
Courtesy of Boston Public Library, Tichnor Brothers Postcard Collection.
Amtrak's Crescent train is shown pulling into the Brookwood Station in Atlanta in 2000. The Crescent route runs from New York City to New Orleans, Louisiana. Passenger service is available in Georgia through two Amtrak routes.
Photograph by Loco SteveÂ
The Chattanooga, Rome, and Columbus Railroad reached Chattooga County in 1889, with lines to Summerville, Lyerly, and Trion. The original depot was built the same year. In 1901 the CR&C merged with the Central of Georgia. The depot, pictured in 2004, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
Photograph by Shelia J. Cothran, City of Summerville
Local leaders named the city of Waycross after the many roads crossing here in 1874. The area was once known as Old Nine, or Number Nine, after the railroad station number.
Photograph by J. Stephen ConnÂ
Five men and a dog, pictured circa 1907, stand on the platform of the train depot in Sparks, an incorporated city in Cook County. The town was established as a train stop at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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The Blue Ridge Scenic Railway transports tourists on excursion trips between Blue Ridge, the seat of Fannin County, and McCaysville. The train operates each year from April through December.
Image from Thomas Hawk
A Seaboard Air Line Railway train pulls into the depot at Claxton, circa 1915. Claxton, the seat of Evans County, was founded when the first railroad came through the area in the 1890s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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The Winterville railroad depot, built in Clarke County in the late nineteenth century, was first known as "Six-mile Station" to indicate its distance from Athens. Later known as Winter's Station, the depot today houses Winterville's visitors center.
A rail line was first constructed in Stewart County in 1885, and the town of Richland grew up around the depot. Rails once connecting Americus to Montgomery, Alabama, and Columbus to Tallahassee, Florida, cross at Richland.
Courtesy of Matthew M. Moye
The old train depot in Winder currently houses the city's chamber of commerce. The arrival in 1883 of the railroad spurred economic growth in Winder, which was renamed in appreciation of John H. Winder, the general manager of Seaboard Air Line Railway.
Image from Chris Pruitt
The Blackshear railroad depot in Pierce County, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, houses the chamber of commerce as well as the county's Heritage Museum and genealogical library. The depot was built in 1902.
Courtesy of John Walker Guss and Pierce County Historical and Genealogical Society, Inc.
Passengers await a train at the U&N Depot in Canton around 1910. The arrival of the first railroad in 1879 brought tourists to the town, located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, during the summer months.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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In 1992 Congress passed a transportation bill that provided enhancement funding for historic and natural resources associated with transportation routes and facilities, such as Macon's railroad depot.
The Wrightsville railroad depot, located in the seat of Johnson County, was built in 1900 by the Wrightsville and Tennille Railroad. Pictured circa 1915, the depot was restored duringthe 1990s and today houses the Wrightsville–Johnson County Chamber of Commerce and the Johnson County Development Authority.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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This depot at Forest Park, shown circa 1900, was one of the stops along the railroad to Jonesboro, in Clayton County.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #clt056-84.
The Warner Robins railroad depot was created during World War II and became a critical site for the war effort. The town of Warner Robins grew up around the depot.
Image from Jud McCranie, Wikimedia Commons
The train depot in Millen, in Jenkins County, was destroyed by Union forces during the Civil War and later rebuilt. Today the depot houses the "Olde Freight Depot Museum."
Courtesy of Theron Cates, Millen
The Riverdale depot of the Southern Express Company railroad system was dismantled in 1939. Pictured, left to right: Henry McElroy; A. O. Bowles, railway agent and station master; and M. Vassa McConnell, postmaster. Leon Hancock on roof.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # clt027-84.
A Register and Glennville train, pictured in 1906, stops at the depot in Glennville, today the largest city in Tattnall County. The R&G Railroad was renamed the East Georgia Railway in 1914.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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The railroad depot in Juliette, in Monroe County, is pictured circa 1900.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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People gather outside the Atlantic Coast Line Depot in Cairo, the seat of Grady County, circa 1916. With the arrival of the railroads in the county, area residents were able to market their agricultural products, including timber.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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The F-22 fighter jet flew for the first time on September 7, 1997, from Dobbins Air Reserve Base in Marietta. At the beginning of this test flight, which lasted more than an hour, the aircraft reached an altitude of 15,000 feet in less than three minutes.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Compared with earlier models of C-130 Hercules cargo planes, Lockheed Martin's C-130J has a higher cruising altitude and can reach 28,000 feet in fourteen minutes.
Photograph by Wikimedia
In the mid-1960s the Lockheed C-141 Starlifter became the first all-jet cargo plane to deploy in the U.S. Air Force. It quickly became the air force's airlift mainstay. Its wide body can accommodate a variety of missions, including personnel and equipment transport, disaster relief, and cargo supplies.Â
Photograph by Wikimedia
One of the biggest aircraft ever made, Lockheed's C-5 Galaxy first flew in 1968. The plane has a wingspan of nearly 223 feet, is 247 feet long and 65 feet high, and can carry 135 tons of cargo.Â
Photograph from the U.S. Air Force
Equifax, one of the largest credit-reporting agencies in the country, collects data on more than 400 million credit holders nationwide. Some of the company's data storage equipment is pictured circa 1978.
Courtesy of Equifax
One of the country's top credit-reporting agencies, Equifax is one of Georgia's most profitable companies. Its headquarters are located on Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta.
Courtesy of Equifax
With his brother Guy, Cator Woolford started the Retail Credit Company, the precursor to Equifax. In the late 1920s Woolford befriended Franklin D. Roosevelt and was one of the founders of the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute. Woolford's former estate in Druid Hills is now the site of the Frazer Center and the Cator Woolford Gardens.
Courtesy of Equifax
Guy Woolford and his brother, Cator, founded Retail Credit Company, which became Equifax in the 1970s. As a trustee of the Fernbank Science Center in Atlanta, Woolford helped to acquire land that would become a buffer for the Fernbank Forest.
Courtesy of Equifax
In the loamy soil of south Georgia, pecans thrive. Though native to the region, pecan trees did not become a major crop until after the Civil War. Since the 1950s Georgia has led the nation in pecan production, and several businesses in the state, such as the South Georgia Pecan Company, have successfully capitalized on the crop.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The poultry industry in Georgia, one of the state's most important economic activities, produces 24.6 million pounds of chicken each year. Cagle's, an Atlanta-based company, is one of the top poultry producers in the world.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
J. Mack Robinson, a prominent Atlanta businessman and philanthropist, began his career as a district manager for the Atlanta Journal. He subsequently opened finance and insurance offices around the state, and served as director for both the Atlanta American Corporation and First National Bank of Atlanta.
Oil portrait by Thomas V. Nash, Roswell
In 1916 Bibb Manufacturing Company opened the Osprey Mill in Porterdale. Bibb was an important part of Georgia's cotton and textile industry for more than a century and became one of the state's largest employers by the mid-1950s.
The Columbus Mill was built by the Bibb Manufacturing Company in 1900 on the banks of the Chattahoochee River. Eventually the cotton mill grew to be the largest in the country, supporting a mill town known as "Bibb City."
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic American Engineering Record, #HAER GA,108-COLM,27-10.
The Bibb Manufacturing Company, founded in Macon in 1876, opened mills in a number of Georgia communities by the end of the nineteenth century. In 1905 the company opened a free kindergarten in Covington, believed to be the first such program in Newton County.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #new142-83.
After World War II, the Bibb Manufacturing Company opened several new mills in Georgia, including its Forsyth Mill, pictured in the 1970s. During the 1950s, Bibb became one of the largest employers in the state, and by 1966 the company operated fourteen mills in Georgia.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # mnr184.
Tom's Foods was founded in Columbus in 1925 as the Tom Huston Peanut Company. Purchased by Lance Incorporated in 2005, the company continues to operate its plant in Columbus, producing candy, crackers, and peanut products.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
The Crown Bottling Works in Valdosta, pictured in the early 1900s, was one of the many plants around the state that bottled and distributed Chero-Cola, later known as Royal Crown (RC) Cola. The beverage was developed in 1905 by Claud Hatcher, a Columbus pharmacist.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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Founded during the early twentieth century in Columbus, the Royal Crown (RC) Cola Company is today owned by Cadbury Schweppes, which purchased the beverage company in 2000. In the mid-1990s RC Cola held 2.5 percent of the soft-drink market share.
Courtesy of Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages
The Roddenbery Hardware Company, pictured in 1936, was one of the operations managed by the W. B. Roddenbery Company. From left to right: Tom Herring, clerk; George Faulkner, clerk; Norman E. Pipkin, clerk; Eva Bell, bookkeeper; and Albert C. Roddenbery, manager.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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The main entrance of the Georgia National Fairgrounds and Agricenter, located in Perry, is pictured in 1990. The facility hosts the Georgia National Fair each October, in addition to a variety of sporting and agricultural events throughout the year.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Mature soybeans, still in their pods, are ready for harvest. Most of the approximately 8.37 million bushels of soybeans produced annually in Georgia are used in the manufacture of cooking oil and animal feed.
Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA Agricultural Research Service. Courtesy of IPM Images
The Georgia Railroad Bank Building, known today as the Wells Fargo Building, was erected in 1967 on Broad Street in Augusta to serve as headquarters for the First Railroad and Banking Company of Georgia. The building was designed by architect Robert McCreary.
Courtesy of Augusta Richmond County Historical Society, Reese Library Loose Photographs Collection, Broad Street Series.
The Georgia Railroad Bank and Trust Company in Augusta, pictured circa 1903, was established in Athens in 1833 as the Georgia Railroad Company. Two years later the company began its banking operations, and in 1840 it moved its headquarters to Augusta.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
The upper reservoir of the Rocky Mountain Hydroelectric Plant, located in Floyd County, holds water to be released into a powerhouse that generates electricity. The plant is jointly owned by Oglethorpe Power Corporation and Georgia Power Company.
Courtesy of Oglethorpe Power Corporation
Oglethorpe Power Corporation, headquartered in DeKalb County, was founded through U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt's Rural Electrification Administration, which was established in 1935. As of 2011, Oglethorpe Power was the nation's largest electric power cooperative, serving 4.1 million customers in Georgia.
Courtesy of Oglethorpe Power Corporation
Employees of Atlanta Gas Light learn to read gas meters in 1942. During World War II, almost half of the company's workforce left to serve in the military, and women were hired to continue providing service to Atlanta Gas Light's customers, which grew to more than 123,000 by 1945.
Courtesy of AGL Resources
Atlanta Gas Light Company, founded in 1856, today is a division of AGL Resources, a distributor of natural gas. Headquartered in Atlanta, AGL Resources operates six utility companies, including Atlanta Gas Light, in six states.
Courtesy of AGL Resources
In 1935 Union Bag and Paper, a New Jersey-based paper and packaging manufacturer, built a mill in Savannah, which became the company's largest facility in the Southeast. In 1956 Union Bag merged with Camp Manufacturing to form Union Camp, which was acquired by International Paper in 1999.
From Union Camp Corporation: A Legacy of Leadership, by W. Craig McClelland
An employee works with rosin at the Union Bag and Paper Company, later Union Camp. Rosin, a distillation of turpentine, is used in the manufacture of paper. A by-product of timbering and naval stores production, the southeast's supply of rosin is drawn largely from loblolly and swamp pines.Â
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Foltz Photography Studio (Savannah, Ga.), photographs, 1899-1960, #1360-21-03-13.
A Thomas County turpentine still produces rosin and turpentine in the early 1900s. Along with other naval stores products, rosin and turpentine were used in the construction and repair of sea vessels.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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A turpentine still in Thomas County, pictured circa 1895, distills turpentine and rosin from the crude gum harvested from pine trees. The highest grade of turpentine was distilled from longleaf yellow and slash pine varieties.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
tho144a.
A parade float, pictured in the late 1950s, progresses through Swainsboro, the seat of Emanuel County, during the Pine Tree Festival. Forest-related industry was an economic mainstay for the county from the 1870s through the 1960s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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Laborers on a Savannah dock prepare barrels of rosin for shipment, circa 1895. From the 1890s until 1945, the ports at Savannah and Brunswick shipped out most of the world's supply of naval stores.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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Ellis Bros. Pecans, founded in Vienna in 1944, produces a variety of products from pecans, peanuts, peaches, and cotton. In 1992 the family-owned company received an award from the Cox Family Enterprise Center at Kennesaw State University.
Photograph by Clayton Turner, Shockoe Studios
The Ellis Bros. Pecans retail store, located off Interstate 75 in Dooly County, sells such items as nuts, candies, preserves, and relishes to travelers. The original recipes for many of these products were created by Irene Ellis, who founded the company with her husband, Marvin, in 1944.
Image from Lee Coursey
J. J. Brown (seated left), Georgia's eighth commissioner of agriculture, poses at John Harris's fish camp on the Chattahoochee River with Governor Hugh M. Dorsey (seated right), circa 1918.
Courtesy of Watson-Brown Foundation, Inc.
J. J. Brown won five consecutive terms as Georgia's commissioner of agriculture, serving from 1917 to 1927. During his tenure, Brown created a state Bureau of Markets and established the Market Bulletin, a free weekly periodical for Georgia farmers still in circulation today as the Farmers and Consumers Market Bulletin.
Courtesy of Watson-Brown Foundation, Inc.
A box of Bobs Candies signature product, candy canes.
Courtesy of the Farley's and Sathers Candy Company, Inc.
The Michael J. Coles College of Business at Kennesaw State University offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees in business administration. The school is housed in the A. L. Burrus building, constructed on the KSU campus in 1991.
Courtesy of Kennesaw State University
Michael J. Coles, pictured in 2006, is the founder of the American Cookie Company. In 2001 he was named to the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia. The Michael J. Coles School of Business at Kennesaw State University is named in his honor.
Courtesy of Kennesaw State University
Georgia State University's J. Mack Robinson College of Business is home to seventeen research centers and institutes, including the Economic Forecasting Center, the Institute of Health Administration, and the Small Business Development Center.
Courtesy of J. Mack Robinson College of Business
In 2003 the W. C. Bradley Company's real estate division began restoring the site of the old Eagle and Phenix Mills in Columbus. Today the restored brick structure has been converted to condominiums.
The W. C. Bradley Company, pictured circa 1968, was founded in Columbus in 1885. The company was involved in a variety of concerns, including groceries, steamboats, fertilizer, cotton, textiles, and real estate. As of 2005 the organization was Georgia's nineteenth-largest privately held company.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic American Engineering Record Collection, #HAER GA,108-COLM,23-7.
The Ernest Scheller Jr. College of Business at the Georgia Institute of Technology, located in Technology Square in Midtown Atlanta, opened as a business school in 1912. Today the college offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate degrees and is consistently rated one of the best business schools in the country.
Courtesy of Ernest Scheller Jr. College of Business
The long growing season and sandy soils of Georgia are ideal for producing peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), a legume native to South America. Georgia produces nearly half of the country's peanuts.
Photograph by the Georgia Peanut CommissionÂ
A peanut crop in Effingham County is harvested in 2005.
Photo by Stephen Morton, UGA College of Agriculture
A load of peanuts is delivered to market in Seminole County by Irene Dozier (on ground), Millie Trulock (second from left on cab), and others in November 1941. The cultivation of peanuts, used to produce oil, was encouraged in Georgia during World War II.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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Peanut pods decay as a result of holes bored by wireworms, also known as click beetles, which feed on the underground portions of many Georgia crops.Â
Photograph by Steve L. Brown, University of Georgia. Courtesy of Forestry Images
A peanut farmer investigates his crop. Representatives of all segments of the peanut industry, from grower to manufacturer, are active in Georgia, as are a variety of affiliated industries.Â
Photograph by uacescomm
Peanuts, which are planted in April or May, are harvested in September.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
Pecan nuts are the fruit of pecan trees (Carya illinoensis), a species of hickory in the walnut family. First grown commercially in Georgia during the late 1880s, pecans became one of the state's most important commodities by the early 1900s. As of 2014 Georgia produced the most pecans in the country.
Photograph by Judy Baxter
A farmer stands in a Mitchell County pecan grove in the early twentieth century. The grove was one of the first to be planted in the county. Pecans, along with cotton, peanuts, and soybeans, continue to be an important agricultural product in Mitchell County.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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Miller's Pecan Company, shown in 1932, was said to have been one of the largest pecan companies in the world during its time. Located in Baconton, in Mitchell County, the company cracked and shelled pecans, grading them by hand, and sold pecan tree saplings to growers.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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Since the 1950s Georgia has been the top producer of pecans in the nation.
Photograph by Mark Strozier
A quilt depicting the building activities of Habitat for Humanity International hangs at the organization's headquarters in Americus. Since 1976 volunteers with Habitat have built affordable housing for families in need throughout the United States and around the world.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Former Georgia governor and U.S. president Jimmy Carter works with Habitat for Humanity volunteers to construct a home. Carter, who became involved with the organization at the invitation of founder Millard Fuller in 1984, has served as both spokesperson and work crew leader for Habitat.
Courtesy of Gregg Pachkowski and Habitat for Humanity International
The headquarters of the Georgia Farm Bureau, a state-level affiliate of the American Farm Bureau, are located in Macon. The bureau developed in response to the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 and continues to promote the interests of farmers in the twenty-first century.
Courtesy of Georgia Farm Bureau
Farmers arrive at a meeting of the Georgia Farm Bureau held at the Auburn Consolidated School in Barrow County, circa 1935. The state bureau is affiliated with the American Farm Bureau, which was an active participant in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs during the 1930s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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Shannon Moore, a member of the Georgia Farm Bureau in Jasper County, conducts Farm Day activities for fifth-grade students. Farm Day, an event sponsored by the bureau in locations around the state, is a forum for teaching children about agriculture.
Courtesy of Georgia Farm Bureau
A worker processes milk at the Cloverdale Dairy creamery in Atlanta. The facility later became known as Atlanta Dairies, which was purchased in 1993 by Parmalat Dairies. Date of photograph unknown.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #ful0184.
In 2005 the state's 81,000 cows produced about 1.4 billion pounds of milk. The commercial dairy industry in Georgia grew rapidly after the Civil War and remains an important sector of the state's economy.
Image from UGA CAES/Extension
Sweet Grass Dairy in Thomasville produces a variety of goat and cow cheeses, including its Green Hill cow's milk cheese. The dairy industry in Georgia generated $254 million in 2000.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
Cows are milked by milking machines in H. H. Cobb Sr.'s dairy, circa 1921 in Oconee County. The introduction of milking machines, as well as refrigerators, automobiles, and tractors, promoted the growth of dairy farms around the state during the 1920s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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Cattle at the Cedar Grove Dairy, owned by Julius Wesley Clark, in DeKalb County. Although dairy herds in Georgia declined between World War I and the Great Depression, they increased rapidly during World War II. Date of photograph unknown.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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J. H. Hooks's dairy in Washington County, pictured circa 1925, specialized in raising Jersey cows. As the dairy business during the 1920s became increasingly industrialized, concerns over health and sanitation led to legislation requiring inspections and the pasteurization of milk.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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An employee works in the milkroom of an Eatonton dairy in 1952. New advances in dairy technology during the 1950s allowed for higher levels of milk production and more sanitary conditions in the industry.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
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Middle school teachers gather at a workshop sponsored by the Georgia Council on Economic Education. Each year the council provides more than 100 workshops to help teachers develop strategies for teaching economics in their classrooms.
Courtesy of Georgia Council on Economic Education
Mills B. Lane, chief executive officer of the Citizens and Southern National Bank, founded the Georgia Council on Economic Education in 1972. The council exists to support economic education in the state's elementary and secondary schools.
Courtesy of Georgia Council on Economic Education
The Center for Economic Education, housed in Atkinson Hall at Georgia College and State University in Milledgeville, supports economics teachers in the community by assisting with curriculum development and providing instructional materials. It is one of twelve such centers located on university campuses throughout the state.
Courtesy of Georgia Council on Economic Education
The Maule M-4-180V, an updated model of Maule Air's M-4 design, was released in 2005. Maule Air, based in Moultrie, is an aircraft manufacturer owned by the family of B. D. Maule, who founded the company in 1941.
Courtesy of Maule Air
The Maule taildragger model M-7-420AC lands on water. Maule Air, based in Moultrie, manufactures twenty models of STOL (Short Takeoff Or Landing) airplanes that can be used in a variety of terrains.
Courtesy of Maule Air
The Maule Air factory was built at Spence Air Base in Moultrie by B. D. and June Maule in 1968. In addition to the factory buildings, the family constructed a lodge home and a lake on the grounds.
Courtesy of Maule Air
D. Abbott Turner, the president and chairman of the board for the W. C. Bradley Company, was a prominent businessman and philanthropist in Columbus. In 1961 Turner established the D. Abbott and Elizabeth Bradley Turner Foundation, known today as the Bradley-Turner Foundation.
Courtesy of Epworth By The Sea
The Coca-Cola Company and independent bottlers expanded across the country and globally during the 1930s. The company also launched several innovative marketing campaigns, including the introduction of the six-bottle carton, during this decade. Today Coca-Cola is the world's largest manufacturer and distributor of nonalcoholic beverages and syrups.
Courtesy of the Coca-Cola Museum
Robert W. Woodruff became president of both the Trust Company of Georgia and the Coca-Cola Company in 1923 and eventually became the architect of Coke's worldwide expansion. In later years Woodruff was also Emory University's greatest benefactor. In 1937 he established the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation, a charitable organization.
Image from oaktree_b
Located in Effingham County, the McIntosh Combined Cycle Plant began operation in June 2005 under the joint ownership of Savannah Electric and Power Company and Georgia Power, both subsidiaries of the Southern Company. In 2006 Savannah Electric merged into Georgia Power.
Courtesy of Savannah Electric and Power Company
The generator end of a turbine is moved to the Riverside Plant of the Savannah Power Company in 1913. The plant was built one year earlier to serve the company's approximately 3,400 customers.
Courtesy of Savannah Electric and Power Company
HealthVoices is a publication of the Healthcare Georgia Foundation that focuses on public health policy in the state and covers topics ranging from health insurance to taxes on tobacco.
Literacy Action, Inc. was founded in Atlanta in 1968 and today is one of the largest private adult literacy providers in the state. Its work is supported in part by the Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta.
Photograph by Dana Sanabria, Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta
One of the many organizations supported by the Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta is Beacon of Hope, a program that offers educational opportunities for children as part of a comprehensive community revitalization effort.
Photograph by Dana Sanabria, Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta
The Metropolitan Atlanta Youth Opportunities Initiative is administered by the Community Foundation of Greater Atlanta. The program seeks to aid children raised in foster homes with the transition to adult life.
Courtesy of Metropolitan Atlanta Youth Opportunities Initiative
Alicia Philipp became the executive director of the Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta in 1977. During her tenure the foundation established a number of new initiatives and substantially increased the organization's financial assets.
Photograph by Dana Sanabria, Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta
The Bradley Center, a psychiatric hospital in Columbus, was established by the Bradley-Turner Foundation in 1955. Today the hospital is affiliated with St. Francis Hospital in Columbus and offers outpatient counseling and social services to the public.
Photograph by Kate Howard, New Georgia Encyclopedia
The RiverCenter for the Performing Arts in Columbus was built with a $20 million gift from the Bradley-Turner Foundation and matching gifts from other arts agencies in Columbus.
Image from Visit Columbus GA
W. C. Bradley, of the W. C. Bradley Company, invested in the Columbus Iron Works early in the twentieth century. During the 1940s, the Bradley Company initiated the production of charcoal grills at the iron works to replace the obsolete potbellied stoves formerly produced at the facility.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic American Engineering Record, #HAER GA, 108-COLM, 22-25.
The W. C. Bradley Company, based in Columbus, was the state's nineteenth-largest private company in 2005, according to Georgia Trend magazine. The company comprises manufacturing, sales, and real estate divisions.
Image from W.C. Bradley Co.
A warehouse of the W. C. Bradley Company was located on Front Avenue in Columbus, circa 1960. The company began as a cotton-factoring business in the nineteenth century and expanded into numerous other areas, including fertilizer manufacturing, banks, and iron, during the twentieth century.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic American Engineering Record, #HAER GA,108-COLM,23-9.
Jesse Hill was a prominent businessman and civil rights leader in Atlanta. He served as the president and chief executive officer of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, one of the nation's largest Black-owned companies, from 1973 until 1992. He also served on the boards of several leading Atlanta corporations, including Delta Air Lines and SunTrust.
Courtesy of Alexa Benson Henderson
Atlanta Life Insurance Company was founded by Alonzo Herndon, a prominent Black businessman in Atlanta, in 1905. After Herndon's death, leadership of the company passed to his son, Norris Herndon, in 1927 and then to Jesse Hill in 1973. The company is headquartered in Atlanta's Sweet Auburn district.
Photograph by Wally GobetzÂ
Jesse Hill, the former leader of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, is pictured in 2001 with his wife, Azira. Hill became active in the civil rights movement upon his arrival in the city in 1949, while living at the YMCA on Butler Street. The street was renamed in his honor in 2001.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
In 1955 John Amos, along with his brothers William and Paul, founded the American Family Life Assurance Company in Columbus. Known today as Aflac, the company grew under Amos's leadership into an international corporation with more than 40 million policyholders in 2003.
Courtesy of Aflac
John Amos, a cofounder of the insurance company Aflac, made significant contributions in the business, political, and philanthropic arenas of Columbus. In addition to Aflac, Amos founded a television network, the American Family Broadcast Group, and was an active member of the Democratic party at both the local and national levels.
Courtesy of Aflac
In 1989 John Amos, a prominent member of the Columbus business community, celebrated his sixty-fifth birthday with the help of his wife, Elena Diaz-Verson Amos. Five years earlier, the couple successfully campaigned to bring the U.S. Army's School of the Americas to Fort Benning, and they were also active in promoting Latin American studies in Georgia.
Courtesy of Aflac
The new free-standing facility for the John B. Amos Cancer Center of the Columbus Regional Healthcare System was dedicated in 2004. The center was established through an endowment provided by Aflac cofounder John Amos in 1990; he died of lung cancer that same year.
Courtesy of Aflac
Elena Diaz-Verson Amos poses with her husband, Aflac cofounder John Amos, in the 1980s. Born in Havana, Cuba, Amos studied as an exchange student at the University of Miami in Florida and remained active in Cuban advocacy and humanitarian causes throughout her life. In 1955 she and her husband moved to Columbus, where she became active in a variety of philanthropic causes.
Courtesy of Aflac
At the age of nineteen, Frederic Ozanam organized the Conference of Charity in Paris, France, to provide assistance to the poor of the city. He chose the sixteenth-century cleric St. Vincent de Paul as patron of the organization, which later adopted its current name, the St. Vincent de Paul Society.
From Famille Vincentienne Internationale Web site
A peanut field in Stewart County is watered by a center-pivot irrigation system. In Georgia approximately 10,000 center-pivot systems, primarily found in the Dougherty Plain of the Flint River, are used to irrigate a variety of crops.
Courtesy of Matthew M. Moye
A center-pivot irrigation system waters a cotton field. Central-pivot and drip irrigation are the primary systems used on more than 1.5 million acres of farmland across the state to supplement the annual forty to fifty inches of rainfall in Georgia.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Efficient irrigation is one of the seven steps involved in Xeriscape gardening, a method of gardening used primarily in urban areas to conserve water while maintaining lawns and plants. Drip irrigation and hand watering help target irrigation to plants that need it.
Photograph by Gary L. Wade
Hog production in Georgia was responsible for 8 percent of the state's livestock and aquaculture income in 2004. The number of hogs raised in Georgia declined during the late twentieth century, dropping from a high of 2.4 million head in 1979 to 345,000 in 2002.
Courtesy of Ken Stalder, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University
Hogs tend to their young on a Colquitt County farm during the 1970s. First introduced to Georgia in the 1500s, hogs were raised by colonial settlers and became a primary food source during the nineteenth century. Hogs continued to be a major crop in the state until the 1980s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
clq099.
Although hogs were typically raised outdoors until the 1980s, today they are usually housed in environmentally controlled facilities. Such facilities allow farmers to increase the production of hogs while reducing the incidence of disease among the animals.
Courtesy of Ken Stalder, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University
Although feral, or wild, hogs are found througout the state, their population is concentrated in coastal areas. Considered a nuisance, feral hogs are destructive to both human crops and structures and are also known to carry diseases communicable to farm and domestic animals.
Courtesy of Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources
The J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University was renamed in honor of Atlanta businessman J. Mack Robinson, who donated a $10 million endowment to the school in 1998. In 1994 Robinson and his wife, Nita, were named Philanthropists of the Year by the Georgia chapter of the National Society of Fund-Raising Executives.
Photograph by Kate Howard, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Several varieties of corn, including flour, flint, dent, pop, and sweet, are grown in Georgia during the summer months. Although the pop and sweet varieties are produced for human consumption, most of the corn raised in Georgia is used for animal feed.
Courtesy of Dewey Lee
Most of the corn and wheat production in Georgia occurs in the southern counties. These areas are generally characterized by gently sloping or flat lands of well-drained soils, mostly of the clay loam to sandy loam soil types.
Image from Dizzy Girl
Georgia's top corn-producing county in 2023 was Burke County, which produced more than 4.1 million bushels. Corn, the state's main summer crop, is grown primarily in south Georgia and often requires irrigation.
Courtesy of Georgia Agricultural Statistics Service
A Georgia farmer examines his wheat crop, which is grown during the winter months. Soft red winter wheat, raised primarily for flour to be used in the baking industry, is the main variety produced in the state, although scientists are also experimenting with soft white wheat.
Courtesy of Dewey Lee
The corporate offices of Beaulieu of America, once one of the nation's largest tufted-carpet manufacturers, were located in Dalton. The company was founded in 1978 by Belgian immigrant Carl Bouckaert.
Courtesy of Beaulieu Group LLC
Beaulieu of America manufactured a variety of commercial carpet styles under the brand names Cambridge, Bolyu, and Aqua. The company also manufactured and sold polypropylene berber yarns, which it first developed around 1982.
Courtesy of Beaulieu Group LLC
A piece of machinery known as a "drawline" stretches carpet at Beaulieu of America's Marglen facility in Rome. Beaulieu manufactured carpet from recycled plastic at Marglen.
Courtesy of Beaulieu Group LLC
The Sunbelt Agricultural Exposition, held in Moultrie each year during the third week of October, features crop, livestock, and equipment demonstrations. The expo, which brings in an estimated $30 million to the area each year, attracted 200,000 visitors in 2005.
Photograph by Bob Parker. Courtesy of Sunbelt Agricultural Exposition
New farm equipment is demonstrated in a field during the 2005 Sunbelt Agricultural Exposition. Potential buyers have the opportunity to test drive all-terrain vehicles, tractors, and trucks during the weeklong annual event in Moultrie.
Photograph by Branch Carter. Courtesy of Sunbelt Agricultural Exposition
The offices of J & J Industries, one of the largest carpet manufacturers in the industry, are located in Dalton. Founded in 1957, the company specializes today in the manufacture and sale of commercial carpet.
Courtesy of Thomas M. Deaton
Jim Jolly, son of J & J Industries' cofounder Rollins Jolly, joined the company in 1967, three years after graduating from the Georgia Institute of Technology. In 2002 he received the Joseph J. Smrekar Memorial Award, given in recognition of outstanding contributions to the carpet and rug industry.
Courtesy of Thomas M. Deaton
Beginning in 1971, James Blanchard served as the chief executive officer of Synovus, a Columbus-based financial services company. Blanchard is credited with leading the company into its greatest period of growth and profitability. In 2003 he was named Georgian of the Year by Georgia Trend magazine.
Courtesy of Synovus
James Blanchard, pictured in 1969, became the top executive at Columbus Bank and Trust Company (later Synovus) in 1967 and was named chief executive officer of the bank four years later. One of Blanchard's many innovations at the company was the introduction of the principles of "servant leadership" during the 1970s.
Courtesy of Synovus
Total System Services Incorporated (TSYS) was founded by James Blanchard, the chief executive officer at Synovus, in 1983. The company processes electronic payments for millions of consumers worldwide.
Courtesy of Synovus Financial Corporation
Life Insurance Company of Georgia (often referred to as Life of Georgia) was one of the largest diversified financial services organizations in the world, with total revenues of $295 million reported in 2002.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Lane Brothers Commercial Photographers Photographic Collection, #LBCB076-013a.
Located in Griffin, the Georgia Experiment Station is one of three agricultural experiment stations in the state operated by the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.
Courtesy of Jay Bauer, University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
A researcher at the Georgia Experiment Station in Griffin plows a field behind a three-mule team in 1900. Around this time, scientists at the station developed the deep furrow method of planting winter oats, a technique that saved millions of dollars for farmers in the South.
Courtesy of University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
Tracie Jenkins, a geneticist at the Georgia Experiment Station in Griffin, studies the genetic makeup of termites, a major urban pest in the South. Her work has documented four different species of termites in Georgia.
Courtesy of University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
The first formulated feed diets for dairy and beef cattle in Georgia were discovered by scientists at the Georgia Experiment Station in Griffin in the early twentieth century.
Image from UGA CAES/Extension
Gil Landry, a turfgrass specialist at the Georgia Experiment Station in Griffin, researches the use of sod to control soil erosion along the state's roadways.
Courtesy of University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
The Georgia Experiment Station in Griffin, pictured around 1907, was established in 1888 to perform agricultural research in such areas as fertilizers, soil erosion, and crop varieties. These studies led to the modernization of agricultural techniques in the South.
Image from UGA CAES/Extension
Members of 4-H clubs gather in 1935 at Forest Camp in Cobb County. The 4-H organization first became active in Georgia in 1904, and in 1914 it was designated the youth program of the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service.
Courtesy of Georgia 4-H
4-H members exhibit at the Augusta Fat Stock Show in 1938. Before the integration of Georgia 4-H clubs in 1967, the Black division of 4-H was headquartered at Savannah State College, and separate events were held for its members in Dublin.
Courtesy of Georgia 4-H
Georgia 4-H centers are located in Eatonton, Tybee Island, Jekyll Island, Wahsega, and Fortson. The symbol for the organization is a four-leaf clover depicting the four H's, which stand for Head, Heart, Hands, and Health.
Courtesy of Georgia 4-H
Two 4-H members perform an egg candling and grading demonstration in Polk County in 1932.
Courtesy of Georgia 4-H
Five 4-H members exhibit goats during a show.
Courtesy of Georgia 4-H, Photograph by Judy Ashley..
Three girls in 4-H watch a hygiene demonstration, circa 1968. Â 4-H members frequently learn and compete through the use of demonstrations and presentations.
Courtesy of Georgia 4-H
EarthLink, one of the nation's largest Internet service providers, is headquartered in downtown Atlanta. The company was founded in California in 1994 and merged with the Atlanta-based provider MindSpring in 2000.
Courtesy of EarthLink
In 1994 Charles Brewer founded MindSpring, an Internet service provider, in Atlanta. Five years later the company, with more than 1 million subscribers, introduced high-speed Internet access to customers in Georgia and Alabama. MindSpring merged with EarthLink in 2000.
Courtesy of Charles Brewer
In 1994 Sky Dayton founded the Internet service provider EarthLink in Los Angeles, California. EarthLink partnered with a variety of other companies, including Microsoft, Charter Communications, and Macintosh, before merging with MindSpring, an Atlanta-based provider, in 2000.
Courtesy of Helio
The equipment room at MindSpring, an Atlanta-based Internet service provider, is pictured in 1995, one year after its founding. Before merging with EarthLink in 2000, the company introduced high-speed cable modem access and digital subscriber line services to customers.
Courtesy of Charles Brewer
Thomas R. R. Cobb was the primary author of the Code of the State of Georgia, which went into effect in 1863, a year after Cobb was killed in combat during the Civil War. Much of this code remains in force today.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Huddle House was founded in Decatur in 1964 by John Sparks. Today the company has grown to include nearly 400 restaurants located in fourteen states, with 145 outlets in Georgia.
Courtesy of Huddle House
Huddle House, a restaurant chain founded in Decatur in 1964, is known for serving breakfast twenty-four hours a day. In the early 2000s the company expanded its menu to include such items as chicken wings and butterfly shrimp.
Courtesy of Huddle House
In 2003 a new version of Priscilla the Pink Pig, a children's train ride, was installed at Rich's Department Store in Lenox Square Mall in Buckhead. The ride, which operated from 1953 until 1991 at Rich's downtown Atlanta store, is popular with Christmas shoppers and their families.
Photograph by Kate Howard, New Georgia Encyclopedia
In 1924 Rich's Department Store opened its flagship store in downtown Atlanta, where it remained until 1991. The building was remodeled during the late 1990s and became part of the Sam Nunn Atlanta Federal Center.
Nathalie Dupree (left) works with a student at her cooking school, which opened at Rich's Department Store in 1975. The school ran for almost ten years and enrolled more than 10,000 students.
Courtesy of Nathalie Dupree
Pilgrim Health and Life Insurance Company, the first insurer for African Americans in Georgia, operated in Augusta from 1898 until 1991, when it merged with Atlanta Life. The Pilgrim building still stands in Augusta on Laney-Walker Boulevard.
Courtesy of Augusta Convention and Visitors Bureau
Bernie Marcus has become a well-known businessman and philanthropist in the Atlanta community since cofounding the Home Depot in 1979. His charitable activities in the city include the founding of the Marcus Institute (later the Marcus Autism Center) in 1991 and the donation of $3.9 million to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2002.
Courtesy of Georgia Aquarium and Marcus Foundation
Bernie Marcus, a cofounder of the Home Depot, opened the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta in 2005. The facility, one of the largest aquariums in the world, holds more than 8 million gallons of water and 100,000 animals.
Courtesy of Georgia Aquarium
A delivery man stands beside his Sunbeam bread truck in the 1940s. The Thomasville-based Flowers Baking Company began making Sunbeam bread in 1942, when it joined the Quality Bakers of America cooperative that produced the bread. The Sunbeam logo was created by the cooperative that same year.
Courtesy of Flowers Foods
The Flowers Baking Company, known today as Flowers Foods, was founded in 1919 by two brothers, William Howard Flowers and Joseph Flowers. Located in Thomasville, the bakery shipped baked goods to customers in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida during the 1920s.
Courtesy of Flowers Foods
Early Sunbeam bread packaging featuring the "Little Miss Sunbeam" logo. First introduced in 1942, it quickly became one of America's most well-known logos and is still found today on Sunbeam's packaging.
Courtesy of Flowers Foods
The Nature's Own brand of bread is produced by Flowers Foods, a bakery founded in Thomasville in 1919. The company also produces the well-known Sunbeam and Cobblestone Mill brands, in addition to a line of snack cakes under the brand name Tesoritos.
Courtesy of Flowers Foods
The headquarters of World Carpets, pictured in 1969, featured a waterfall on its Morris Street side. World Carpets was founded in Dalton in 1954 by husband and wife Shaheen Shaheen and Piera Barbaglia.
From World Carpets: The First Thirty Years, by S. Shaheen
Charles Herty (seated, fourth from left) is pictured with staff members at his Savannah Pulp and Paper Laboratory, circa 1933. Herty founded the lab in 1931 to develop techniques for producing newsprint from southern pine trees.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ctm033.
Charles Herty, a native of Milledgeville, was a renowned chemist known for his contributions to both the forestry and paper industries during his career. While a professor at the University of Georgia in the 1890s, Herty also established the university's athletic program.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Foltz Photography Studio (Savannah, Ga.), photographs, 1899-1960, #1360-25-10-14.
University of Georgia students play baseball in 1893 at a field located on the northwest corner of campus. Charles Herty, a chemistry professor who was named director of the Department of Physical Culture at UGA in 1894, enlarged the field and built a grandstand in 1896. The site was later named Herty Field in his honor.
Charles Herty, an internationally recognized chemist from Georgia, meets in Savannah with leaders of the forestry and paper industries in the 1930s. Herty stands fourth from the left, and the philanthropist George Foster Peabody sits in the center.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ctm236.
Farmers gather in 1949 for the opening of the Farmers Mutual Exchange, likely a cooperative for cotton producers, in Winder.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
brw171.
In 1906 Charles Barrett, a native of Pike County, began his twenty-two-year presidency of the Farmer's Union, a national organization that encouraged farmers to improve productivity and income by creating cooperatives.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Georgia Photo File.
A farmer shops at the Irwinville Farms cooperative store (Irwin County) in 1938. Promoted by such national organizations as the National Grange and the Farmer's Union, cooperatives formed among farmers to acquire equipment, seed, and other supplies, as well as to organize the processing and marketing of their crops.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
A worker, pictured in 1952 at the Eatonton Cooperative Creamery in Putnam County, processes milk.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #put230.
The trustees of the Callaway Community Foundation, founded by Fuller E. Callaway Jr., meet in 1956. From left: Arthur B. Edge Jr., Callaway, Hatton Lovejoy, Mrs. Fuller E. Callaway Jr., William H. Turner, Glenn Simpson.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
trp021.
Fuller E. Callaway Jr. founded the Callaway Community Foundation, which offered charitable assistance to the employees of the Callaway Mills, in 1943. Today the Callaway Foundation offers grants for a variety of projects around Georgia, particularly in the LaGrange area.
Courtesy of Troup County Archives, LaGrange, Callaway Educational Association Photo Collection.
After Fuller E. Callaway died, employees of Callaway Mills gathered each year on his birthday, July 15, for a company-sponsored picnic. Fuller E. Callaway Jr. (second from left) is shown enjoying watermelon with other workers of Callaway Mills.
Courtesy of Troup County Archives, LaGrange, Callaway Educational Association Collection.
The UPS Foundation headquarters are located in Atlanta at the UPS corporate office building, designed by the architectural firm Thompson, Ventulett, Stainback, and Associates. The foundation, which was established in 1951, provides grant money to organizations working to combat hunger and illiteracy, and also encourages volunteerism among UPS employees.
Courtesy of UPS
CNN founder Ted Turner became vice chair of Time Warner after the media giant bought Turner Broadcasting System in 1995. In 2001 Time Warner merged with the Internet service provider America Online, creating the world's largest media conglomerate.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The Goizueta Business School at Emory University began construction on the Goizueta Foundation Center for Research and Doctoral Education, a $33.4 million addition, in 2004.
Courtesy of Kallmann McKinnell and Wood Architects, Inc.
Charles Waldo Haskins, the nephew of writer Ralph Waldo Emerson, established the Haskins and Sells accounting firm with Elijah Watt Sells around 1895 in New York City. In 1915 the company, a predecessor of Deloitte, established an office in Atlanta and became one of the most successful accounting practices in the city.
Courtesy of Deloitte
Atlanta employees of Deloitte, the largest professional services firm in the city, participate in a volunteer tree-planting activity. Employees of the company are known for their charitable work with such organizations as Boys and Girls Clubs of Metro Atlanta, Hands On Atlanta, and the United Way.
Courtesy of Deloitte
In 1900, the year after acquiring the rights to bottle Coca-Cola throughout most of the country, Joseph Brown Whitehead established the Dixie Coca-Cola Bottling Company in Atlanta. The Whitehead family founded three philanthropies in Georgia and donated generously to social service, religious, and educational organizations.
Courtesy of National Register of Historic Places
Asa Griggs Candler, founder of the Coca-Cola Company, was also a banker and real estate developer and was noted for his philanthropy. His best-known philanthropy was in the form of a personal check for $1 million, donated to defray the costs of establishing Emory University in Atlanta as a Southern Methodist institution.
Coca-Cola's headquarters in Atlanta, designed by the architectural firm FABRAP, house the corporate offices as well as the offices for the Coca-Cola Foundation.
Photograph by David A. Pike
Fruitland Manor, the home of horticulturist Louis Berckmans, stands on the grounds of Berckmans Nursery. Berckmans and his son Prosper founded the nursery in 1858 and introduced a range of new fruit varieties and shrubs to the Southeast.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # ric035.
The Augusta National Golf Club, home of the Masters Tournament, was established by golfer Bobby Jones on the former grounds of Berckmans Nursery in 1931. The landscaping of the golf course includes many of the ornamental plants propagated between 1858 and 1918 by Louis and Prosper Berckmans.
Image from Brett Chisum
After acquiring the Atlanta-based Orkin Exterminating Company in 1964, Rollins moved its headquarters from Delaware to Atlanta in 1967. Today the company owns a diverse array of businesses, including broadcasting, residential security, and landscaping concerns.
Courtesy of Rollins, Inc.
In 1948 brothers O. Wayne and John Rollins, natives of Ringgold, purchased the radio station WRAD, in Radford, Virginia. Eventually the business grew into Rollins Broadcasting, and in 1964 the company purchased the Orkin Exterminating Company in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Rollins, Inc.
The Orkin Man has become a well-known icon of the Atlanta-based Orkin Exterminating Company. The company has been recognized for its employee training program, which is considered to be one of the best in the nation. Orkin, through its parent company, Rollins, also supports several educational programs, including the Orkin's Children's Zoo at Zoo Atlanta.
Courtesy of Rollins, Inc.
Arthur Blank, pictured here in 2004, has twice been voted the most respected chief executive officer in the state by Georgia Trend magazine. Cofounder of the Home Depot and owner of the Atlanta Falcons football team, Blank also established the Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation in 1995.
Courtesy of Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation
This 2012 photograph shows the Home Depot corporate offices in Atlanta. The company opened its first three stores in Atlanta in 1979 and by 2004 had spread to every state in the nation, as well as to Canada, Chile, and Mexico.
Photograph by Eric KennedyÂ
A crew from the Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation, headquarted in Atlanta, drives nails during a Habitat for Humanity house-raising. Arthur Blank, center, cofounded The Home Depot in 1979 and established the foundation in 1995.
Courtesy of Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation
Joseph M. Tull, who grew up in North Carolina, attended college after finishing grammar school because his area had no high school. He went on to become a successful businessman and entrepreneur in Atlanta, where he established the J. M. Tull Foundation, known today as the Tull Charitable Foundation.
From J. M. Tull: The Man, the Company, by F. M. Garrett
The founders of the Jeannette Rankin Foundation present the organization's first grant to Barbara Dixon, a student at Athens Technical College, in 1978. Standing, from left: Gail Dendy, Heather Kleiner, Margaret Holt, Reita Rivers. Seated, from left: Fred Friedricks (of Athens Technical College), Barbara Dixon, and Sue Bailey.
Courtesy of Jeannette Rankin Foundation
Jeannette Rankin, a native of Montana, became the first woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1916 and later purchased property in Georgia, first in Bogart and then in Watksinsville. After her death in 1973, proceeds from the sale of her Watkinsville land were used in 1976 to found the Jeannette Rankin Foundation, which is headquartered in Athens.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, George Grantham Bain Collection, #LC-DIG-ggbain-23835.
The Gulfstream IV-SP, pictured here, is part of the Gulfstream fleet of aircraft produced by the Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, based in Savannah.
Courtesy of Gulfstream Aersopace Corporation
Leroy Grumman (left) congratulates pilots Fred Rowley (center) and Carl Alber after their successful initial flight of the new Gulfstream I model in 1958. The aircraft, which seated twelve, could reach a maximum speed of 350 miles per hour.
Courtesy of Northrop Grumman History Center
On August 14, 1958, the business aircraft Gulfstream I took its maiden flight. The plane represented a shift away from a sole focus on military aircraft for the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Company, which later became Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, based in Savannah.
Courtesy of Northrop Grumman HIstory Center
The G550 is Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation's most advanced passenger jet, boasting a range of 6,750 nautical miles at .885 Mach.
Courtesy of Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation
The G650 is the largest, most technologically advanced aircraft in the Gulfstream fleet. The plane is capable of traveling 7,000 nautical miles at 0.85 Mach or 5,000 nautical miles at 0.925 Mach.
Image from Charly W. Karl
Gulfstream I, the first aircraft of the Gulfstream fleet, was designed in 1957 by the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Company and took its maiden flight in 1958. Today the fleet is produced by the Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, based in Savannah.
Courtesy of Northrop Grumman History Center
Having served as vice chairman of Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation since 1995, Bryan T. Moss was appointed president in 2003 and served until his retirement in 2008. A graduate of the Georgia Institute of Technology, Moss had previously worked for the Lockheed-Georgia Company.
Courtesy of Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation
Leroy Grumman and his business partner, Leon Swirbul, founded the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Company (later Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation) on Long Island, New York, in 1930. The company introduced the Gulfstream fleet of aircraft in 1958 and in 1967 moved its headquarters to Savannah.
Courtesy of Northrop Grumman History Center
The first Waffle House opened in 1955 in Avondale Estates, an eastern suburb of Atlanta. Since its founding, the company has expanded to occupy more than 1,400 locations, most of which are located in the Southeast.
Courtesy of Waffle House
Company founders Tom Forkner (left) and Joe Rogers pose in a newly built Waffle House. The two partners have built one of the most successful restaurant chains in the Southeast.
Courtesy of Bill Lisenby Photography
Food in Waffle House kitchens is cooked to order in plain view of the patrons. Waffles, eggs, T-bone steaks, and hashbrown potatoes are among the restaurant's most popular items.
Courtesy of Bill Lisenby Photography
During the first half of the twentieth century, Ellijay Telephone Company operators connected calls manually with electric switchboards.
Courtesy of Ellijay Telephone Company
Headquartered in the Synovus Centre in Columbus, Synovus Financial Corporation has grown over the course of its long history from a small, local banking operation into one of the most important financial institutions in the Southeast.
Courtesy of Synovus Financial Corporation
Synovus now operates banks in Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and Tennessee, as well as separate trust, brokerage, and mortgage subsidiaries. The company also owns 81 percent of TSYS, one of the largest third-party processors of electronic payments.Â
Courtesy of Synovus Financial Corporation
With the aid of monetary donations from Margaret Adger Pitts, the Pitts Theology Library has grown to contain more than 520,000 volumes in several languages. The library, located at Emory University, also subscribes to more than 1,500 periodicals.
Courtesy of Emory University Photo
William Irby Hudson Pitts established the William I. H. and Lula E. Pitts Foundation, which funds various efforts of the United Methodist Church, in 1941. Large donations from the foundation have supported Andrew College, Candler School of Theology, Epworth by the Sea, LaGrange College, Magnolia Manor, and Young Harris College.
Courtesy of SunTrust Bank, Endowment and Foundation Services
Employees of Georgia Power participate in a "fishing for trash" tournament on the Coosa River in Floyd County. About 13 percent of Georgia Power Foundation's grants are made in the area of environmental causes.
Courtesy of Georgia Power
The Georgia Power Building in downtown Atlanta, designed by Heery Architects and Engineers, houses the headquarters for both the Georgia Power Company and the Georgia Power Foundation. In 2004 the Georgia Power Foundation awarded $5 million in grants to organizations primarily in the state of Georgia.
Image from Counse
Cabbage Patch Kids await "adoption" at Babyland General Hospital, which is located in Cleveland and offers tours to the public. Each doll is given a unique appearance, personality description, name, and birthday.
Courtesy of Babyland General Hospital, Cleveland
Cabbage Patch Kids were created by Xavier Roberts, an art student at Truett-McConnell College in Cleveland. After producing his first soft-sculpture doll in 1977, Roberts joined forces with the toy company Coleco in 1983 to market the dolls. By 1990 around 65 million Cabbage Patch Kids had been sold.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Following the success of his roadside pecan stand, Williamson S. Stuckey Sr. constructed the first Stuckey's store in Eastman around 1940. The store continued to offer pecans and pecan products, in addition to a restaurant and gasoline pumps.
Courtesy of Stuckey's Corporation
Williamson S. Stuckey Sr. stands beside a replica, built in 1962, of his original 1937 pecan stand, from which he sold pecans and the famous Stuckey's Pecan Log Roll along Georgia Route 23 in Eastman. The replica was constructed to commemorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of Stuckey's business.
Courtesy of Stuckey's Corporation
A man-made channel known as the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway allows watercraft to navigate the marshes separating Georgia's barrier islands from the mainland.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
Charles Lindbergh parades through downtown Atlanta where crowds line the street on October 11, 1927. He is on his way to Grant Field at Georgia Tech, where he will deliver a message on the commercial potential of aviation to a crowd of 20,000 people.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis lands on the grass runway at Candler Field on October 11, 1927. The day was cloudy and rainy but that did not deter thousands from meeting Lindbergh at the field. The Spirit of St. Louis is now on display at the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, D.C.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
The groundbreaking aviator Charles Lindbergh stands beside an airplane on Sapelo Island. The photograph was probably taken around 1929, when Lindbergh paid a short visit to the island.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #sap058.
In this aerial photograph Charles Lindbergh prepares to take off from Candler Field on October 12, 1927, in the Spirit of St. Louis. He is bound for Spartanburg, South Carolina, the next stop on his triumphal tour.
Courtesy of Georgia Info, Digital Library of Georgia.
October 12, 1927, was a sunny day, perfect for flying. Charles Lindbergh poses in his flight suit in front of a parked biplane (not to be confused with the Spirit of St. Louis) at Candler Field, ready for his departure. Second from the right is Doug Davis, who owned the hangar where the Spirit of St. Louis was parked. William Lee, a U.S. mail pilot, stands to the far right.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
Charles Lindbergh poses with Georgia governor Lamartine Hardman (right) and Atlanta mayor Isaac N. Ragsdale (left) at Candler Field on October 11, 1927.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Governor Lamartine Hardman (right) greeting aviator Charles Lindbergh (left) upon his arrival at Candler Field during his nationwide tour in 1927.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
In 1985 Americus celebrated "Lindbergh Days" with the dedication of a new state historical marker commemorating aviator Charles Lindbergh's first solo flight from Souther Field.
Courtesy of Ed Jackson
The Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation was established by Arthur Blank, cofounder of the Home Depot, in 1995. Standing, from left: Arthur Blank, Stephanie Blank, Penelope McPhee (foundation president), Kenny Blank, Nancy Blank, and Michael Blank. Seated, from left: Danielle Blank and Dena Blank.
Courtesy of Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation
The Goizueta Business School at Emory University in Atlanta is named for Roberto Goizueta, the former president of the Coca-Cola Company. The school, which offers both undergraduate and graduate programs, was ranked among the top fifty business schools by in 2004 .
Courtesy of Emory University
Diet Coke, developed in 1982 under the leadership of Coca-Cola president Roberto C. Goizueta, is the most popular diet soft drink in the world.
Courtesy of the Coca-Cola Company
Emory's relationship with Coca-Cola extends to the early days of the corporation, when founder Asa Candler donated $1 million to the university in 1914. The school recently built a $33.4 million addition to the Goizueta Business School, named after former Coca-Cola president Roberto Goizueta.
Image from Yaniv Yaakubovich
The main building of Citizens Trust Bank is located on Piedmont Avenue in Atlanta. The bank has been a cornerstone of the city's African American business community since its founding in 1921. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions beginning in 1997, Citizens Trust has increased its assets to nearly $400 million.
Courtesy of Citizens Trust Bank
The logo for Citizens Trust Bank appears on the floor tiles of its main office in Atlanta. The bank was founded in 1921 on Auburn Avenue, and the current headquarters have been located on Piedmont Avenue since the 1960s.
Courtesy of Citizens Trust Bank
The first Citizens Trust Bank building was located on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta from its founding in 1921 until the 1960s. The Sweet Auburn district formed the center of the African American business and residential community in Atlanta early in the twentieth century.
Courtesy of Citizens Trust Bank
In 1998 James Young (left) became the president and CEO of Citizens Trust Bank in Atlanta, following the bank's merger with First Southern Bank. Young shakes hands with Bunny Stokes Jr., the former chair and CEO of Citizens Federal Savings Bank in Birmingham, Alabama, which was acquired by Citizens Trust Bank in 2003. Stokes retired in 2004.
Courtesy of Citizens Trust Bank
Harry Richardson was named chairman emeritus upon his retirement as chairman of the board for Citizens Trust Bank in 1974. He was succeeded by Herman J. Russell, who had been serving as vice chairman.
Courtesy of Citizens Trust Bank
The original wooden bridge over Snake Creek was used by wagons transporting cotton to Banning Mill in Carroll County. Although the location of the bridge has changed, the foundations of the original bridge location can still be seen from the mill.
Courtesy of Arden Williams
Banning Mill in Carroll County is believed to have been the first mill in the state to operate with electricity in the late 1880s. The original mill building, which did not include the wooden portion visible to the left, was four stories high until the top floor burned early in the twentieth century.
Courtesy of Arden Williams
Junior Achievement volunteers inspire children to learn the economics of life through free enterprise education. This year, Junior Achievement of Georgia will reach more than 84,000 students statewide.
Courtesy of Junior Achievement
The Inman family donated a portion of their wealth to many charitable causes in Atlanta, including several colleges, the Confederate Soldiers' Home, Grady Memorial Hospital, and this orphanage.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
Hugh Inman, the youngest son of Shadrach W. Inman, sits for a portrait as a young boy. After the family moved to Atlanta in 1865, Hugh worked with his father to establish a dry goods store in the city.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
Four generations of the Inman family begin with (right to left) Shadrach W. Inman, Samuel M. Inman, Henry Arthur Inman, and Arthur Crew Inman. Shadrach arrived in Atlanta from east Tennessee in 1865 to join his brothers William H. and Walker P. Inman. The Inman family soon became among the most wealthy and prominent in the city.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
Samuel Inman, the oldest son of Shadrach W. Inman, opened a dry goods store in Augusta before becoming, along with his brother Hugh and friend Joel Hurt, an investor in railroads, streetcars, and banks in Atlanta during the 1890s.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
Truett Cathy, founder and chairman of the Chick-fil-A restaurant chain, is pictured outside the company's headquarters in Atlanta. Chick-fil-A is one of the largest privately owned restaurant chains in the country.
Courtesy of Chick-fil-A
The first Chick-fil-A restaurant opened in Atlanta's Greenbriar Mall in 1967 and occupied a space of 384 square feet. Today, in addition to locations in malls, on college campuses, and in airports, Chick-fil-A operates free-standing restaurants and its full-service Chick-fil-A Dwarf Houses.
Courtesy of Chick-fil-A
In 1996 Chick-fil-A opened Truett's Grill in Morrow to commemorate founder Truett Cathy's fifty years in the restaurant business. A second location of the 1950s-style diner opened in McDonough in 2003. Both restaurants are decorated with items from Cathy's collection of antiques.
Courtesy of Chick-fil-A
Atlanta native Truett Cathy was the founder and chairman of Chick-fil-A, one of the largest privately owned restaurant chains in the United States. Cathy, who attributed his business success to hard work and trust in God, donated a significant portion of his wealth to disadvantaged children and provided college scholarships to many of his employees.
Courtesy of Chick-fil-A
Truett Cathy, the founder of Chick-fil-A, first started in the restaurant business by opening a twenty-four-hour diner in Hapeville, outside Atlanta, in 1946. Because the restaurant was so small, Cathy and his brother, Ben, decided to name the restaurant the Dwarf Grill (later changed to the Dwarf House).
Courtesy of Chick-fil-A
Truett Cathy, along with his wife, Jeannette, took in more than 150 foster children. In 1984 Cathy established the WinShape Center Foundation, which supports foster care for disadvantaged children. The foundation also runs WinShape Camps, a Christian camp for children, each summer on the campus of Berry College.
Courtesy of Chick-fil-A
Truett Cathy, who opened his first Chick-fil-A restaurant in 1967, published his memoir Eat Mor Chikin: Inspire More People in 2002. In addition to telling his life story, the book discusses Cathy's unique business philosophy and his philanthropic work with foster children.
Courtesy of Chick-fil-A
Founded in 1987 by Truett Cathy, WinShape Homes offer nurturing foster environments to children, ages six to sixteen. A total of thirteen WinShape Homes have been established in Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, and Brazil. Each home houses up to twelve children, and large sibling groups are given an opportunity to live together.
Courtesy of WinShape Foundation
W. J. Usery (far right), in his role as director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, talks to workers in a West Virginia coal mine during the 1970s. Usery served as director of the service from 1973 to 1974.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, W. J. Usery Papers, Southern Labor Archives.
W. J. Usery Jr., a native of Hardwick, was the first Georgian to serve as the U.S. secretary of labor. Appointed to the position by U.S. president Gerald Ford in 1976, Usery resolved major labor disputes in the rubber and trucking industries during his tenure as secretary.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, W. J. Usery Papers, Southern Labor Archives.
W. J. Usery (right) inspects the Atlas missile launch vehicle with colleagues at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Test Facilities. Usery served as the International Association of Machinists' Grand Lodge special representative to Cape Canaveral in 1956.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, W. J. Usery Papers, Southern Labor Archives.
W. J. Usery (left) attends a reception in 1978 at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C., with U.S. president Gerald Ford. In 1976 Ford appointed Usery, who had extensive experience in resolving labor disptures, as the first U.S. secretary of labor from Georgia.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, W. J. Usery Papers, Southern Labor Archives.
John Bulow Campbell, whose estate allowed for the creation of the J. Bulow Campbell Foundation after his death, believed that humility, charity, and service were necessary elements of a Christian life. His philanthropy flowed from this conviction.
Courtesy of the J. Bulow Campbell Foundation
Many consider the English Gothic–style Central Presbyterian Church in Atlanta (1885) to be architect Edmund G. Lind's greatest building.
Image from Warren LeMay
The Hurt Building, named for Atlanta developer Joel Hurt and completed in 1926, was the seventeenth-largest office building in the world; still standing, it remains a distinctive Atlanta landmark.
Photograph by Ganeshk
In 1978 Arthur Blank and Bernie Marcus created a business plan for the enterprise that would become the Home Depot. They envisioned a one-stop shopping facility, staffed by professionals, that would be geared toward people working on home improvement projects.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
The Foundation Center distributes information about philanthropic organizations throughout the United States. The center's regional office opened in Atlanta in 1994 and serves the approximately 1,200 foundations within the state.
Courtesy of Georgia Humanities, Photograph by Jamil Zainaldin.
The Abrahams Home for Indigent Females, designed by architect John Norris, opened in 1858 and served for more than 100 years as a home for elderly and disabled women. The facility, pictured in 1974, was run by the Savannah Widows Society, which was established in 1822 and is, to date, the oldest operating foundation in Georgia.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Georgia Historical Society Collection of Photographs, 1870-1960, #GHS 1361PH-09-01-1711.
The American Cancer Society's nationwide annual fund-raiser, Relay for Life, is held in various locations around Georgia. A voluntary health organization, the society is dedicated to eliminating cancer through research, education, advocacy, and service.
Originally established in New York City in 1956, the Foundation Center exists to provide information about philanthropy in the United States. In 1994 the center opened its regional office in Atlanta to serve local foundations and nonprofit organizations, as well as the media and general public.
Courtesy of Georgia Humanities.
Columbus-based Aflac, a leading writer of voluntary insurance coverage, does a significant portion of its business in Japan. The first U.S. company to sell insurance in Japan after World War II, Aflac today is the second most profitable foreign company operating in that country.
Courtesy of Aflac
The Amos brothers, shown here in 1976, founded American Family Life Insurance Company in 1955. The company, known today as Aflac, is headquartered in Columbus. From left to right, Paul, John, and William (Bill) Amos.
Courtesy of Aflac
Daniel Amos (right), the CEO and chair of Aflac, speaks with a doctor at the Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service in 2001. The center, a major Aflac service project, is part of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and provides one of the nation's largest cancer programs for children.
Courtesy of Aflac
Daniel Amos, son of Aflac founder Paul Amos, became chief executive officer in 1990 and chair of the company in 2001. A graduate of the University of Georgia, Amos launched Aflac's successful national advertising program during the 1990s.
Courtesy of Aflac
Mrs. J. A. Green and her son, Allen Burton, make tufted bedspreads on U.S. Highway 41 in Bartow County, 1933. Green was one of the first in the county to make chenille bedspreads.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #brt122.
Catherine Evans Whitener brought back the handcraft of tufting in the 1890s, which played an important role in the economic development of northwest Georgia as its popularity grew.
Courtesy of Shaw Industries, Inc.
Georgia Trend, a monthly publication founded in 1985, follows the economic and political news in the state. This October 2004 cover displays photographs from the annual "40 under 40" feature, which lists forty influential Georgians in the business and political communities who are under the age of forty.
Reprinted with permission of Georgia Trend
This photograph of the Atlanta National Bank (tall building, left) on Alabama Street was taken during the 1910s. Atlanta Joint Terminal Georgia Railroad Freight Depot is at the end of the street.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
The town of Austell, in Cobb County, was named for the banker Alfred Austell in honor of his work to build two branches of the Southern Railway. This photograph of Main Street in downtown Austell was taken in 1951.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Atlanta businessman Joel Hurt was involved in real estate, insurance, and streetcars. He was responsible for the construction of three major buildings in downtown Atlanta, including the Hurt Building and the Equitable Building.
Courtesy of Atlanta Historical Society
Teachers at Rome High School confer with students about their project for a National History Day in Georgia state contest, sponsored by Georgia Humanities. Georgia Humanities works closely with educators in the humanities around the state by hosting teacher workshops and providing resource materials.
Courtesy of Georgia Humanities.
Peyton Anderson, publisher of the Macon Telegraph and active community member, campaigns with Lady Bird and Lyndon Johnson in Macon in 1964. The man to the far right with crossed arms is U.S. representative Carl Vinson.
Courtesy Peyton Anderson Foundation
In a north Georgia chicken house, thousands of hens lay hatching eggs for a company that exports the fertilized eggs to hatcheries around the world.
Courtesy of Carl Weinberg
The J. D. Jewell, Incorporated, float in Gainesville's Poultry Festival Parade is pictured circa 1950. Georgia is one of the top producers of broilers in the nation.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
hal388.
A Georgia poultry processing plant in 1961. The state's poultry industry produces an average of 24.6 million pounds of chicken and 14 million eggs daily.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Tracy O'Neal Photographic Collection, 1923-1975.
Vidalia onions grow in Toombs County, one of the counties served by an extension office of the Small Farmer Outreach Training and Technical Assistance Project of Fort Valley State University.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
Jesse Jewell, founder of J. D. Jewell, Incorporated, is widely credited with making Gainesville the "poultry capital of the world" through his pioneering use of vertical integration. Jewell was also a leader within the wider poultry industry, serving as president for both the National Broiler Council and the Southeastern Poultry and Egg Association.
Courtesy of Georgia Agricultural Hall of Fame, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia
Georgia-Pacific's corporate headquarters moved to Atlanta in 1982 after being based on the West Coast for nearly thirty years. In 2005 the company was acquired by Koch Industries and became a privately held, wholly owned subsidiary. Georgia-Pacific continues to operate from its Atlanta headquarters.
Courtesy of Georgia-Pacific
Upon founding the Georgia Hardwood Lumber Company (later Georgia-Pacific) in 1927, Owen R. Cheatham became an early pioneer in the southern timber industry. Under his command, Georgia-Pacific was one of the nation's fastest-growing businesses in the 1950s.
Courtesy of Georgia-Pacific
Pictured here in 2003, native Georgian A. D. "Pete" Correll joined Georgia-Pacific in 1988 as a senior vice president. He also served as an executive vice president and chief operating officer before becoming chairman and chief executive officer in 1993.
Courtesy of Georgia-Pacific
A Georgia-Pacific employee rewinds printing paper in 2004. The machine on the left is the rewinder.
Courtesy of Georgia-Pacific
Major Raphael Moses, as chief supply officer for General James Longstreet, carried out the final order of the Confederate government. He is also credited with being the first to ship and sell peaches outside of the South.
The Entomopter may one day fly in the thin atmosphere of Mars, collecting data that rovers and other spacecraft are unable to find.
The Robert Woodruff Foundation was instrumental in the development of Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
In beam carpet tufting operations, strands from approximately twelve large beams of yarn are guided into the needles of a tufting machine.
Courtesy of Shaw Industries, Inc.
Continuous dyeing operations, which apply dye after the carpet is tufted instead of before, provide virtually limitless color options. Here, on Shaw Industries' multicolor line, different shades of color are applied simultaneously to give the carpet a soft, layered effect.
Courtesy of Shaw Industries, Inc.
Two ladies hand tufting spreads. By World War I, women all over north Georgia were tufting bedspreads in their homes for local spread houses (run mostly by women), who paid from a nickel to $2.50 a spread, depending upon the complexity of the pattern.
Courtesy of Shaw Industries, Inc.
An early twelve-foot-wide tufting machine in operation at Shaw Industries, circa 1964. In this photo, yarn is fed through tubes at high speeds from cone positions at the left. First invented in the early 1950s, these machines allowed tufted carpets to compete successfully against woven carpets. By 1965 more than 85 percent of broadloom carpeting sold in the United States was tufted.
Courtesy of Shaw Industries, Inc.
To increase productivity at Shaw Industries in the late 1940s, sewing machines were grouped together and hooked to an electric or steam-powered line shaft.
Courtesy of Shaw Industries, Inc.
The Interface plant at LaGrange is the company's original site. Interface now has plants in five other states (California, Maine, Michigan, New York, and North Carolina) and two other countries (Australia and England).
Courtesy of Interface
Ray Anderson is the founder and chairman of the board at Interface, the world's largest manufacturer of commercial carpeting.
Courtesy of Interface
Interface's high-recycled-content carpet backing, GlasBac. Interface has been an industry leader in the manufacturing of recyclable products and the reduction of emissions from carpet plants.
Courtesy of Interface
An expert in animal cloning, Steven Stice is a Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar at the University of Georgia. The alliance and its university partners work to find those areas of research and development that have the greatest potential for building a technology-rich economy for Georgia.
Courtesy of University of Georgia Photographic Services
The Caterpillar company's Hydraulic Hammer is an example of a successful collaborative effort between a Georgia business and a Technology Transfer program of the Georgia Research Alliance.
Image from Virgina Department of Transportation
The Cloister (1928), a resort on Sea Island, was designed by architect Addison Mizner. The structure is representative of the Spanish-style architecture popular in Georgia during the 1920s.
Courtesy of Sea Island Company
Howard Coffin was an automobile and aviation pioneer and the founder of the Sea Island Company. He also led the effort to declare nearby Fort Frederica a national monument.
Courtesy of Sea Island Company
Sea Island Company founder Howard Coffin (left) with golf champion Bobby Jones at the Sea Island Golf Club, 1930.
Courtesy of Sea Island Company
A vintage yacht is docked at Cabin Bluff, a 50,000-acre hunting preserve in Camden County.
Courtesy of Sea Island Company
An aerial view of Sea Island shows a relatively undeveloped area, still retaining much of its natural beauty.
Courtesy of Sea Island Company
Sea Island hosted the 2004 G8 Summit. From left, Bertie Ahern of the European Union, Romano Prodi of the European Commission, Tony Blair of the United Kingdom, Jacques Chirac of France, Paul Martin of Canada, Gerhard Shroeder of Germany, Vladimir Putin of Russia, Junichiro Koizumi of Japan, George W. Bush of the United States, and Silvio Berlusconi of Italy.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Henry Tift's sawmill, circa 1900. After the success of the sawmill, Tift expanded his business interests by establishing the Tifton Cotton Mill and the Bank of Tifton.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Albertype Co, Photographs.
A successful businessman and developer, Henry H. Tift founded the south Georgia town of Tifton.
Courtesy of Coastal Plain Experiment Station
This locomotive, long used at the Tift sawmill, was said to have seen service in the Civil War before it was bought by Henry Tift.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Wesley Thomas Hargrett Collection.
The lumberyard at Henry Tift's sawmill at Tifton, around 1900. Tift established his sawmill at the highest ground in the area.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Albertype Co, Photographs.
Eleanor Roosevelt inspects the British Air Transport Auxiliary pilots in England, October 26, 1942. Hazel Raines, second from the left, flew as a ferry pilot for the ATA during World War II.
Courtesy Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame
One of only twenty-five women chosen to wear the Air Transport Auxiliary uniform, Hazel Raines logged more flight hours than other pilot in the ATA.
Courtesy Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame
Hazel Raines was the first woman in Georgia to earn a pilot's license. She flew as a ferry pilot in World War II for the British, and in 1943 joined the Women Airforce Service Pilots (known as WASPs) in Texas.
Courtesy of Georgia Women of Achievement.
After the WASPs were deactivated in 1944, Hazel Raines (back row, fourth from right) became an instructor with the Brazilian Air Ministry. On August 4, 1945, she received a certificate from the J. P. Riddle Company Instructors' School in Miami, Florida, where she completed a course on the teaching of technical subjects in Portuguese.
Courtesy Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame
As founder and first president of Atlanta Life Insurance Company, Alonzo Herndon displayed a leadership that blended ideals of racial self-help and independent entrepreneurship.
Courtesy of Alexa Benson Henderson
Alonzo Herndon with his mother, Sophenie, and his brother, Thomas, ca. 1890. About his early life Alonzo writes, "My mother was emancipated when I was seven years old and my brother Tom five years old. She was sent adrift in the world with her two children and a corded bed and [a] few quilts. . . . She hired herself out by the day and as there was money in the country, she received as pay potatoes, molasses, and peas enough to keep us from starving."
Courtesy of The Herndon Home
Alonzo, Adrienne, and Norris Herndon, 1907. Alonzo's marriage to Adrienne had a far-reaching impact on his life, greatly influencing his cultural and educational growth. It also produced his only child, Norris, who succeeded him as chief executive of Atlanta Life Insurance Company.
Courtesy of The Herndon Home
The staff of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company Branch Office, ca. 1925. In 1922 the company had achieved legal reserve status, a position enjoyed by only four other Black insurance companies at that time.
Courtesy of The Herndon Home
A UPS truck and driver. Today, UPS is the world's largest express carrier and package delivery company.
Courtesy of UPS
In May 2004 United Parcel Service's Trade Direct Ocean service extended to more than seventy ports in Asia, Europe, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East, while adding Miami as a port of entry.
Courtesy of UPS
A UPS worker delivers a package in 1968. UPS operates the largest single transportation network in the world, reaching more than 4 billion of the earth's 6.3 billion people to ensure timely delivery of more than 13.3 million packages each day.
Courtesy of UPS
A worker sorts boxes at a UPS facility. In 2003 UPS employed more than 12,000 workers in Georgia. Of those, some 7,900 employees worked in package delivery operations.
Courtesy of UPS
Workers at the Lockheed Martin plant in Marietta, pictured in 2003, paint a Lockheed C-130J. In 2000 the Intellectual Capital Partnership Program (or ICAPP), a program of the University System of Georgia, partnered with the plant to train eighty new Lockheed employees at Southern Polytechnic State University (later Kennesaw State University).
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
One of the busiest ports in the United States, Savannah handles nearly 10 percent of total U.S. containerized cargo volume.
Photograph by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
The Port of Brunswick comprises three deepwater terminals. The port's reputation for productivity and efficiency is heightened by its position as one of the fastest growing auto and heavy machinery ports in North America.
Photograph by Jaxfl
The Ponce de Leon, an Eastern Air Lines Constellation passenger plane, is christened with a bottle of Cola-Cola in 1951 by Fred B. Moore and Paula Reid. The Constellation was the first aircraft purchased by Eastern's president Eddie Rickenbacker during the company's transition from military to passenger service after World War II.
The Boeing 727 "Whisper Jet" became a workhorse in the passenger industry after it entered service for Eastern in 1964. Its nickname came from its three quiet engines, which offered high-powered performance. It held 138 seats and cruised at 605 miles per hour.
Reprinted by permission of Boeing Company
Passengers boarding an Eastern airplane onto the tarmac at Atlanta Municipal Airport in the 1950s, with Miss Atlanta attending.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Carolyn Lee Wills Collection of Eastern Airlines' Southern Region Public Relations Office records, Southern Labor Archives.
A 1949 advertisement for Eastern Air Transport promotes service from New York City to Florida.
Courtesy of Duke University, Ad*Access Collection.
The Douglas DC-3 revolutionized air passenger transportation. Introduced in 1936, it carried up to twenty-eight passengers at a cruising speed of 170 miles per hour. It was the main passenger transport in the United States until it was replaced after World War II by the DC-4, DC-6, and DC-7.Â
Photograph by Wikimedia
The tritailed four-engine Constellation, originally developed by Lockheed for use by the armed services, was first adapted for passenger service by Eastern in 1947. The 1950s "Super Constellation" was an upgrade. The "Connie" held seventy-two seats in its pressurized cabin and cruised at 327 miles per hour.
Reprinted by permission of Lockheed Company
The Douglas DC-7 represented the most important development in airline technology since the DC-3, a pre-World War II plane. With its pressurized cabin, the DC-7 offered a high standard of comfort to air travel and was widely adopted among the major airline carriers for long-haul traffic. It held sixty-nine seats and cruised at 360 miles per hour.Â
Photograph by Wikimedia
The Lockheed L-1011 TriStar began flying for Eastern Air Lines in 1972. The TriStar was a wide-body, three-engine jet with intercontinental range. It held 250 seats and cruised at 552 miles per hour.
Photograph from Wikimedia
The two-engine Boeing 757 entered service in the early 1980s, replacing the aging 727.Â
Photograph by Wikimedia
The Convair 440 was a post-World War II innovation for short-haul traffic. For its time the 440 was economical, comfortable, and fast. It was also well suited to Eastern's connecting routes among intermediate-sized cities. It held forty-four seats and cruised at 284 miles per hour.Â
Photograph by Wikimedia
In 1959 Eastern began flying the Lockheed Electra, a four-engine turboprop, carrying sixty-six seats and cruising at 370 miles per hour.
Reprinted by permission of Lockheed Company
The Douglas DC-8 (together with the Boeing 707) inaugurated the jet age in the airline industry. Eastern placed its first orders for the new plane in 1960. The jet replaced the DC-7 and remained in service for years, benefiting from equipment upgrades and a "stretched" fuselage to accommodate more passengers. It held 119 seats and cruised at 590 miles per hour.
Photograph by Wikimedia
The Boeing 720 offered Eastern a long-haul jet liner, entering service in 1961. The Boeing 720, a shortened version of the 707, held 140 seats and cruised at 600 miles per hour.
Reprinted by permission of Boeing Company
A two-engine, wide-body jet with transcontinental range, the Boeing 767 entered service with Delta in 1982. This model was the first to fly for Delta.
Reprinted by permission of Delta Air Lines
C. E. Woolman's name is synonymous with Delta Air Lines. He raised the capital for the purchase of the company in 1928 (named Delta Air Transport, Inc. in 1929) and stepped down as chief executive officer in 1965.
Reprinted by permission of Delta Air Lines
The Douglas DC-7 brought yet another development in passenger flight. With a pressurized cabin that allowed it to fly "above the weather," the sixty-nine-seat DC-7 cruised at 360 miles per hour. The cabin and services offered an air of affluence, which Delta dubbed its "Royal Service."
Reprinted by permission of Delta Air Lines
The DC-8 inaugurated Delta's transition to jet service in 1959. Cruising at 590 miles per hour with 119 seats, the DC-8 was an important step in Delta's rise as a nationally competitive airline. The DC-8 pictured is at a passenger boarding "jetway" at Hartsfield International Airport.
Reprinted by permission of Delta Air Lines
The Lockheed L-1011 TriStar wide-body airliner entered service in 1973. In 1977 it inaugurated the company's Atlanta-London route. The TriStar held 241 seats and cruised at 552 mph.
Photograph from Wikimedia
Delta employees board passengers at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.
Reprinted by permission of Delta Air Lines
The Douglas DC-3 was the most important development in passenger air service before World War II. Widely adopted by the airline industry, the DC-3 introduced new standards of reliability, speed, efficiency, and comfort for passengers. The DC-3 carried up to twenty-eight passengers at a cruising speed of 180 miles per hour.
Reprinted by permission of Delta Air Lines
The Douglas DC-4 was a post-World War II development that replaced the DC-3. With four engines, the DC-4 cruised at 215 miles per hour and held forty-four seats.Â
Photograph by Wikimedia
The Douglas DC-9 was ideally suited to Delta's short-haul route system. With sixty-five seats and a cruising speed of 560 miles per hour, the DC-9 entered service in 1967. It stayed in service for the next two decades.
Reprinted by permission of Delta Air Lines
The Boeing 777 is the newest Boeing-developed passenger plane and the most recent addition to Delta's fleet. Its two-isle cabin is smaller than that of the 747, but larger than all other twin- or tri-jet passenger aircraft.
Reprinted by permission of Delta Air Lines
One of the largest markets in the world, the Atlanta State Farmers Market covers 150 acres and offers consumers the opportunity to buy directly from farm producers. The market opened in Forest Park in 1959 and features a nursery with indoor and outdoor plants, restaurant, gift shop, and welcome center.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Front facade of the Georgia Department of Agriculture building on Martin Luther King Jr. Drive in downtown Atlanta. The department is the state's oldest independent executive agency.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Agriculture
The Feed and Fertilizer Laboratories and the Pesticide Formulation, Soil Termiticide, Treated Wood, Use/Misuse, and Groundwater Laboratories of the Georgia Department of Agriculture are located in Tifton. The Food Microbiology and Dairy Laboratories and the Food Chemistry and Pesticide Residue Laboratories are in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Peanuts were selected as the official state crop by the General Assembly in 1995. Nearly 50 percent of the total U.S. peanut crop is harvested in Georgia, which leads the nation in peanut exports.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
John Wellborn Root's eight-story Equitable Building in Atlanta, built in the early 1890s for the developer Joel Hurt, was demolished in 1971, just as Georgia's historic preservation movement was getting under way. Its steel-frame construction and monumental presence made it the city's pioneer skyscraper.
Cotton is no longer "king" in Georgia, but the crop is still grown, mostly on the Coastal Plain. Bulloch, Dooly, Colquitt, Mitchell, and Worth counties in south central and southwest Georgia were the top cotton producers in 2017.
Photograph by Michael Bass-Deschenes
In the twenty-first century, most of the cotton in Georgia is produced by agribusinesses that manage large tracts of cotton land. In 2000 Georgia ranked second in the country in acreage of cotton.
Photograph by Kimberly VardermanÂ
Farm workers, pictured circa 1897, pose with their cotton harvest in Fitzgerald, the seat of Ben Hill County. In the decades following the Civil War, cotton fields were worked predominantly by Black sharecroppers.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ben139.
Antebellum towns including Macon, Milledgeville, Madison, and Greensboro experimented with steam-powered cotton factories, with varying degrees of success. The steam-powered factories in Madison and Greensboro went broke in the 1850s, while those in Milledgeville and Macon survived to serve the Confederacy.
An illustration depicts enslaved laborers working in a southern cotton field. After the Civil War the most important issue to white landowners was that many of their best cotton fields lay in disrepair and their cotton field labor had been emancipated.
Courtesy of Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries, Robert E. Williams Photographic Collection.
Wokers for the Thomaston Mills in Upson County inspect a roll of cotton fabric. During the 1950s, inexpensive tufted cotton carpets began to replace higher-quality wool carpets in the marketplace.
Courtesy of Thomaston-Upson Archives
The primary damage to cotton occurs when female boll weevils deposit eggs in fruiting structures on developing cotton plants.
Photograph from the Agricultural Research Service
Tractors, beginning in the 1930s, and mechanical cotton pickers decades later, initially disrupted cotton production and the lives of those who worked in the fields. Today cotton farmers rely on the machinery.
Photograph from the Agricultural Research Service
Cotton bales are prepared for shipping.
Carroll County resident J. G. Richards Sr. (center) weighs a basket of cotton that has just been picked. Roosevelt Robinson is standing just behind Richards, along with other cotton pickers.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
car111.
The presence of beneficial insects such as the lady bird beetles on this cotton bloom are testimony to the benefit of reduced pesticide use as a result of the boll weevil eradication program.
Courtesy of Agricultural Research Service. Photograph by Rob Flynn
A center-pivot irrigation system uniformly waters a cotton crop. Such systems supplement rainfall on more than 1 million acres of farmland in Georgia.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
The P-40 was the major fighter for the Army Air Corps at the beginning of World War II. The P-40N, the fastest of the series, was the final production version. The aircraft on display was obtained by the Museum of Aviation in 1994 with help from the 653rd Combat Logistics Support Squadron and the Air Force Reserve.
Courtesy of the Museum of Aviation
The Museum of Aviation covers fifty-one acres and includes open-air displays and hangars. The museum is located on the grounds of Robins Air Force Base in Warner Robins, ten miles south of Macon.
Courtesy of Museum of Aviation
A TG-4A Glider (right) and a T-6G North American Texan (left) hover over an F-15 Eagle Fighter Jet in the Eagle Building rotunda of the Museum of Aviation.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
A group of children listen to a lecture about the contribution of Black Americans to the World War II effort at the "America's Black Eagles: The Tuskegee Pioneers . . . and Beyond" Exhibit at the Museum of Aviation.
Courtesy of the Museum of Aviation
A group of children learn about the suits pilots wear at the Museum of Aviation's Flight Suit Exhibition.
Courtesy of the Museum of Aviation
The story of General Robert Scott (right), a famed member of the American Volunteer Group, or the "Flying Tigers," is part of an exhibition on World War II at the Museum of Aviation in Warner Robins. Scott was involved extensively in the museum's development and served as a museum docent from the mid-1980s until his death in 2006.
Courtesy of the Museum of Aviation
The Convair F-102 "Delta Dagger" was the U.S. Air Force's first delta-winged jet and supersonic all-weather interceptor. The experimental version of the aircraft flew in 1953, and it went into service with the air force's Air Defense Command in 1956. The Delta Dagger's maximum speed was 810 miles per hour.
Image from Alan Wilson
The McDonnell F-101 "Voodoo" made its initial flight in 1954. The U.S. Air Force developed several versions of the Voodoo: a single seat, low-altitude fighter-bomber; a single-seat reconnaissance version; and a two-seat fighter-interceptor version that served in the Air Defense Command. The maximum speed of the Voodoo was 1,095 miles per hour.
Image from Robert Karma
The Boeing B-29 "Superfortress," first test flown in 1943, was the most advanced heavy bomber of World War II. Its powerful engines and pressurized cabin allowed the B-29 to fly higher, faster, and with a larger bomb-carrying capacity than any other airplane in its day. It served primarily in the Pacific theater of World War II and later in the Korean War.
Image from Alan Wilson
The Douglas C-124 "Globemaster II" first flew in 1949. Deliveries to the U.S. Air Force began the following year. A four-engine troop and cargo carrier, the Globemaster's clamshell nose accommodated tanks, jeeps, and other vehicles.
Image from Eric Friedebach
The Lockheed AC-130 "Spectre" is an attack gunship version of the C-130 cargo and troop carrier. The Spectre has side-firing guns and advanced avionics that allow it to loiter over targets in any weather and time of day.Â
Image from Gary Todd
On October 9, 2019, a statue honoring Eugene Bullard—the world's first Black fighter pilot—was unveiled at the Museum of Aviation, on the grounds of Robins Air Force Base.Â
Photograph by Captain Edner J. Julian, U.S. Army National Guard
Native Americans planted corn, one of the oldest crops in Georgia, before the colonists arrived. In 2018 Georgians planted 325,000 acres of corn.
Photograph by Possum1500
Many factors, such as late frosts, rainfall, viruses, and economics, can determine whether a peanut crop is successful. Georgia produces more peanuts than any other state.
Photograph by uacescommÂ
Broilers are pictured in 1950 on a farm in Barrow County. Jesse Jewell of Gainsville first encouraged the development of a broiler industry in 1930. Today Georgia produces more broilers than any other state.  Â
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
brw167.
Milk production in Georgia totaled 1.76 billion pounds in 2018. The greatest number of dairy cows were in Macon County and Burke County.
Photograph by Equipe Integrada
Pumpkins are arranged in squares at a Dawson County pumpkin farm.
Photograph by JR PÂ
Vidalia onions, grown in south Georgia, are one of the state's most valuable agricultural products.
Photo courtesy of USDA Natural Resources Conservation ServiceÂ
Roadside produce stands are common around rural Georgia. Travelers can purchase farm-fresh produce grown locally at such stands.
Photograph by Jim ReynoldsÂ
Pioneer agriculture and sharecropping in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries led to the massive erosion of topsoil across nearly 10 million acres of Georgia's farmland, resulting in loss of productivity in the soil and silting in the state's streams and creeks.
Horses boarded on a farm near Tallapoosa, in Haralson County.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Team of farm-horses hauling logs in north Georgia, 1943. The method is called "snaking" the logs.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
The Georgia International Horse Park in Conyers was built for the 1996 Olympics. The park features a world-class steeplechase course.
Image from carterse
Georgia leads the nation in the production of muscadine table grapes.
Courtesy of Gerard Krewer
Almost 200 acres of vineyards at Chateau Elan, a winery in Braselton, are planted with Vitis vinifera varieties and French-American hybrids. Chateau Elan produces an average of 40,000 cases of wine annually.
Courtesy of Gerard Krewer
The Georgia wine industry, with many award-winning wines, has retail sales around $10 million annually.
Courtesy of Gerard Krewer
Muscadine grapes, which are grown primarily in north Georgia, are harvested in late summer or early fall.
Courtesy of Gerard Krewer
Georgia's blueberry industry is concentrated in the flatwoods of southeast Georgia, and the fruit is shipped all over the world.
Photography by Andie aka "Andrea"
Tifblue is a rabbiteye blueberry grown on about 40 percent of the blueberry acreage in Georgia.
Courtesy of Gerard Krewer
A Baxley fruit grower inspects a field of early ripening southern highbush blueberries.
Courtesy of Gerard Krewer
A mechanical harvester used to pick blueberries for the processing market.
Courtesy of Gerard Krewer
A strawberry grower from Montezuma, with a fresh harvest.
Courtesy of Gerard Krewer
Visitors to the Georgia Museum of Agriculture and Historic Village can experience everyday nineteenth-century-style farming practices, such as mule plowing.
Courtesy of Georgia Museum of Agriculture and Historic Village
The most popular apple varieties grown in Georgia include Empire, Fuji, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Jonathan, Ozark Gold, Paulard, Red Delicious, Rome Beauty, and Yates. The Annual Apple Festival, hosted each October in Ellijay, features a crafts show and vendors selling a variety of apple products.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
A boll weevil trap near a field of cotton. Such traps have played an integral part in the eradication of the weevil.
Courtesy of Phillip Roberts
A 1960 Atlanta Coca-Cola Bottling Company store display. Coca-Cola drinks have appeared in a variety of bottle shapes and sizes over the years, settling finally into its distinctive "hobbleskirt" bottle in 1916.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Tracy O'Neal Photographic Collection, 1923-1975.
This Greek revival-style cottage, at 11 Seventh Street in Columbus, was occupied by John Stith Pemberton and his family, 1855-60. Pemberton, a druggist in Columbus and later Atlanta, was the originator of Coca-Cola. The apothecary, once the kitchen, houses unique Coke memorabilia.
Courtesy of Historic Columbus Foundation
John Stith Pemberton based "Pemberton's French Wine Coca," a drink that was very popular in Atlanta, on Vin Mariani, a French beverage formulated by Mariani & Company of Paris.
Image from Wikimedia
The Berkeley Quarry in Madison County, circa 1990. The quarry sits upon the Lexington-Oglesby Blue Granite Belt, which stretches from Elbert County to Oglethorpe and Madison counties. The Berkeley Quarry is one of many companies that contribute to the large granite industry centered in Elberton.
Courtesy of the Elberton Granite Association
A worker sandblasting a granite monument.
Courtesy of the Elberton Granite Association
The Oglesby Quarry, circa 1935. The quarry sits upon the Lexington-Oglesby Blue Granite Belt, which stretches from Elbert County to Oglethorpe and Madison counties. The Oglesby Quarry is one of many companies that contribute to the large granite industry centered in Elberton.
Courtesy of the Elberton Granite Museum and Exhibit
The unveiling of the statue that would come to be known as "Dutchy," on Elberton's town square, 1898. The statue depicts a Confederate soldier, but the figure is clothed in northern attire.
Courtesy of the Elberton Granite Museum and Exhibit
Dutchy, now housed in the Elberton Granite Museum and Exhibit, once stood in Elberton's town square. The statue was so disliked by locals that they buried it in a hole near where it once stood. It was exhumed in 1982.
Photograph by Melinda S. Mullikin, New Georgia Encyclopedia
The Pyramid Quarry in 2003. The quarry sits upon the Lexington-Oglesby Blue Granite Belt, which stretches from Elbert County to Oglethorpe and Madison counties. The Pyramid Quarry is one of many companies that contribute to the large granite industry centered in Elberton.
Photograph by Clay Ouzts
This granite lion, housed in the Elberton Granite Museum and Exhibit, was carved by Italian workers for Peter Bertoni as a good luck charm.
Photograph by Clay Ouzts
The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 1923. After the stock market crash in 1929, the Atlanta Fed assumed the assets of many failed banks in the early 1930s.
Courtesy of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
Generation units at the Tallulah Falls hydroelectric plant, an early facility of the Georgia Railway and Power Company.
Courtesy of Georgia Power Corporation Archives
A horse-drawn line truck, pictured circa 1902, of the Georgia Railway and Electric Company.
Courtesy of Georgia Power Corporation Archives
Henry M. Atkinson became the majority stockholder and head of Georgia Electric Light Company in 1891. In 1902 Atkinson consolidated a number of businesses into Georgia Railway and Electric Company.
Courtesy of Georgia Power Corporation Archives
Plant Atkinson on the Chattahoochee River in Cobb County was dedicated in 1930 and was Georgia Power Company's first modern steam plant.
Courtesy of Georgia Power Corporation Archives
A four-story brick structure with a curved apex, the Atlanta Constitution Building was designed by Tucker and Howell and built by Atlanta firm Robert and Company in 1947. The building originally housed the offices of the Atlanta Constitution, but was occupied by Georgia Power Company from 1955 until 1972. It was one of the earliest moderne style buildings in Atlanta.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
The Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups.
Image from CEphoto, Uwe Aranas
In 1990 the Coca-Cola Company opened the original World of Coca-Cola museum in Atlanta. The museum moved to a new structure in 2007.
Photograph by David
A 1956 Coca-Cola advertisement campaign featured a jolly Santa Claus first made famous by artist Haddon Sundblom in 1931.
From Readers Digest December 1956, image shared by SenseiAlan
(Left to right) UGA veterinary medicine surgeons Dr. Kevin Stiffler, Dr. Clarence Rawlings, Dr. Karen Cornell, and Eileen Howell of Medtronics install a donated pacemaker into a canine patient.
Courtesy of University of Georgia Photographic Services
The Georgia Department of Transportation maintains the state's network of highways with proceeds from the state's motor fuel tax and other state and federal funds.
Photograph by Ken LundÂ
Incident response units (also known as HERO units) are specially trained personnel who can deal quickly with accidents and disabled vehicles.
Photograph by Kevin Trotman
Preservationists in Georgia are working to conserve both the Savannah-Ogeechee Canal and the Augusta Canal. The Augusta Canal was named a National Heritage Area in 1996.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
Thomas Butler King is remembered primarily as a planter/politician from coastal Georgia who labored to improve the nation's nascent transportation and communication networks.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Cordray-Foltz Photography Studio photographs, #GHS 1360-25-11-10.
Completed in 1829, the Savannah-Ogeechee Canal facilitated the growth of Savannah's economy. This photograph captures the canal between 1888 and 1889, after it had been supplanted by railroads as the primary shipping method within the state.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Historic American Engineering Record, #HAER GA,26-SAV,18-.
The Augusta Canal, designed to generate waterpower for manufacturing as Georgia entrepreneurs attempted to diversify the state's economy, was the last canal built in Georgia and by far the most successful. Construction on the canal started in 1844, and the canal became operational in 1846.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
Spaghetti Junction is the name given to the intersection of Interstates 85 and 285, along with lesser roads, in Atlanta. The Interstate Highway System was developed under U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower in the late 1950s. Lucius D. Clay, a Marietta native, was the principal architect of the system, designing its route of more than 46,000 miles.
Photograph by U.S. Geological Survey
The Tom Moreland Interchange, commonly called Spaghetti Junction.
Image from Elaine Chambers, Wikimedia Commons
The downtown connector is formed by a merger of I-85 and I-75 that runs through mid- and downtown Atlanta.
Photograph by Matt Lemmon
Georgia politician Thomas E. Watson purchased a home in Thomson in 1881 and lived there until 1904. The home is now a National Historic Landmark and serves as the administrative headquarters for the Watson-Brown Foundation.
Courtesy of Watson-Brown Foundation, Inc.
An unidentified woman, pictured circa 1920, stands with some cotton bales in a Central of Georgia railroad yard.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
geo148-92.
A former Central of Georgia Railway locomotive sits parked at the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Image from Allen Forrest
Originally known as the Central Railroad and Canal Company of Georgia, it was reorganized as the Central Rail Road and Banking Company in 1835. At that time the Central was perhaps the longest railroad under one management in the world.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society.
A crowd gathers to meet the train at the Central of Georgia Railway depot in Norristown, in Emanuel County. The arrival of railroads in the county during the 1870s spurred the growth of the local lumber industry.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #emn004.
D. W. Brooks observes the chicken processing line at the Gold Kist factory in Canton, circa 1978. Brooks led Gold Kist, an Atlanta-based farm cooperative, for forty-seven years.
The international headquarters of Primerica Financial Services is located in Duluth. The company helps families achieve financial independence by providing solutions for income protection, debt management, asset protection, and asset management.
Courtesy of Primerica Financial Services
A. L. Williams Company founder Arthur Williams, in 1990. ALW, an insurance company, merged in 1989 with Primerica Financial Services.
Courtesy of Primerica Financial Services
Hard kaolin is finely grained, difficult to break, and jagged in texture.
Image from James St. John
The architecture firm Stevens and Wilkinson designed award-winning libraries and rapid transit stations; of the latter the MARTA station on Church Street in Decatur (1979) is their best.
Photograph by Melinda G. Smith, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Passengers exit and board a Bankhead Train at the 5 Points MARTA Station in Atlanta, 1993. The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, known as MARTA, provides bus and rapid rail service to the most urbanized portions of the Atlanta metropolitan area.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
Atlanta legislators and MARTA officials are shown touring the cavernous tunnel that would carry MARTA's north line when it opened in September 1981. The tunnel runs 1.9 miles under Broad, Peachtree, and West Peachtree streets.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Workers construct MARTA's Georgia State University rapid rail transit station at the Atlanta police station (left) on the edge of downtown Atlanta.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Construction on the Peachtree Center station of Atlanta's Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) is pictured in 2007. MARTA was formed in 1971 as a bus system and opened rail lines in 1979.
Photograph by Brett Weinstein
Georgia Institute of Technology engineer Bob Englar (left) and a student use a wind tunnel to test the design of the circulation control system on a truck model.
Courtesy of Georgia Institute of Technology
The Lockheed-Georgia C-5 Galaxy can carry 135 tons of cargo, making it the largest production aircraft built in the United States and a vital part of any military action in which large amounts of material need to be airlifted around the world. It has a wingspan of just under 223 feet and is 247 feet long and 65 feet high.
At both ends of the C-5 Galaxy aircraft large doors can swing open to the cargo deck, and two rows of vehicles can drive on and off at the same time.
The airframe of a C-5 Galaxy that has received structural upgrades will maintain its integrity for an estimated 50,000 flight hours before being retired. This means that many of the planes now in service can keep flying until past 2060.
The high tail of the C-130 Hercules allows room for a large cargo door that lowers to form a ramp. With a length of 97 feet and wingspan of 132 feet, the C-130J can carry up to 46,631 pounds. In troop transport configuration, it can accommodate 92 combat troops or 64 paratroopers. The aircraft can fly up to 2,729 miles and has a maximum speed of 417 miles per hour.
With a wide fuselage, distinctive high tail, and multiwheeled landing gear, the C-130 Hercules is one of the most versatile and rugged transport aircraft ever built. Beyond its role as a versatile cargo and troop transport, C-130s are used as bombers, cannon-firing gunships, hurricane hunters, aerial refueling tankers, air ambulances, firefighters, and even aerial sprayers.
The carpet industry remains heavily concentrated in Georgia in the twenty-first century. Of the industry's $11 billion in wholesale sales in 1997, Georgia establishments accounted for more than $8 billion, and 32,000 of the industry's 50,000 workers toiled in Georgia mills.
Photograph by Charles & Hudson
Formed as the result of several mergers, First National Bank of Atlanta (or First Atlanta) was the largest U.S. bank south of Philadelphia in 1929. The First National Bank Building served as First Atlanta's headquarters.
Courtesy of Wachovia Corporation
A small area of concentrated vegetable production exists in north Georgia. Most of this production is related to cabbage, pumpkins, tomatoes, and sweet corn.
Courtesy of Dewey Lee
At harvest time, when the necks of the onions get weak and begin to fall over, growers undercut the onions to allow them to dry down. Vidalia onions mature from mid-April to mid-June.
Courtesy of Reid L. Torrance
A small area of concentrated vegetable production, mostly cabbage, pumpkins, tomatoes, and sweet corn, exists north of Atlanta. A cabbage farm in Fannin County is pictured.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Direct seeded onions are grown for the production of transplants, which are later pulled and replanted by hand.
Photograph by Jimmy Emerson, DVMÂ
Berry College's Normandy complex was built from 1931 to 1937. The buildings were designed by Cooper and Cooper, of Atlanta. The Normandy Apartments, on a hill overlooking the dairy, house faculty and staff. The apartments originally housed primarily students working full time at the dairy or on the farms.
Courtesy of Public Relations, Berry College Archives
Students get a hands-on lesson in large animal techniques from Dr. Frank Lochner, professor of veterinary science at Fort Valley State University.
Courtesy of Communications Department, College of Agriculture, Home Economics and Allied Programs, Fort Valley State University
Fort Valley State University veterinary science students prepare a dog for surgery while Dr. George McCommons, assistant professor of veterinary science, provides instruction.
Courtesy of Communications Department, College of Agriculture, Home Economics and Allied Programs, Fort Valley State University
Dr. Kashmiri Arora, professor of animal science at Fort Valley State University, discusses molecular biology lab techniques with a student.
Courtesy of Communications Department, College of Agriculture, Home Economics and Allied Programs, Fort Valley State University
Stinson Troutman (left), an agent with the Cooperative Extension program at Fort Valley State University in Peach County, assists farmers in the surrounding community with making their operations more profitable.
Courtesy of Fort Valley State University Cooperative Extension Program
Horticulture includes such service trades as florist shops, landscaping services, and garden centers. The farm gate value for greenhouse, nursery, and turf production is well over $516 million annually.
Though Georgia is called the "Peach State," peaches are not among Georgia's top ten agricultural commodities.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Andrew Thomas Lee.
Vidalia onions are a good example of how farmers were able to capitalize on the unusually low sulfur content of some southeastern Georgia soils to produce and market a mild onion that does not bring tears to the eyes.
More than 10,000 people a year visit the Bamboo Farm and Coastal Gardens, which is open to the public. Visitors can tour the educational display gardens or enjoy the gazebo.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
In 1890 Mrs. H. B. Miller planted three bamboo plants, obtained from Cuba, at a site in southwestern Savannah. Today 140 varieties of bamboo grow at the Bamboo Farm and Coastal Gardens.
Image from UGA CAES/Extension
Watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) are sold alongside other Georgia produce. In addition to being sold locally, Georgia's watermelons are also shipped to markets in the northern states and Canada.
Image from Kevin Trotman
Watermelons are a favorite refreshment at the Independence Day celebration in Westville.
Courtesy of Matthew M. Moye
The Elberta peach variety, which flourishes along the state's fall line, spurred Georgia peach production, and by the early 1900s Georgia was the leading peach grower in the nation.
Photo by AbbydonKrafts
Harvesting peaches in Peach County, the self-proclaimed "Peach Capital of the World."
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Andrew Thomas Lee.
Peaches all but vanished in Upson County with the onset of the Great Depression as laborers entered work in the mills rather than working in the orchards. Peach orchards were cut down in favor of the timber industry.
Courtesy of Thomaston-Upson Archives
More than 80 percent of Georgia's commercial peach crop is grown in the central part of the state. The fruit is usually available from mid-May until August.
Photograph by Chris FanninÂ
In the 1920s the peach industry thrived in Upson County. At the turn of the twenty-first century Georgia's peach industry is concentrated in Crawford, Peach, Taylor, and Macon counties.
Courtesy of Thomaston-Upson Archives
The peach, depicted on this 1995 U.S. postage stamp, is Georgia's official state fruit.
Courtesy of Smithsonian National Postal Museum
Bags of sweet Vidalia onions are ready to be shipped. Vidalia onions represent about 40 percent of the total national spring onion production and have an estimated value of about $90 million in annual gross sales.
Courtesy of Reid L. Torrance
Prized for their sweetness, Vidalia onions get their name from the Toombs County town where farmer Mose Coleman first marketed them in the 1930s.
Image from UGA CAES/Extension
Georgia-grown Vidalia onions for sale at a roadside stand.Â
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Most of the Vidalia onion acreage is still harvested by hand, but mechanical harvesting is on the rise because of the high costs and extensive regulations involving farm labor.
Courtesy of Reid L. Torrance
Harvested onions are transported to packing facilities for further drying, grading, and packaging. Onions to be stored are poured into bin boxes and placed in coolers.
Courtesy of Reid L. Torrance
Raising goats for meat is a rapidly growing agricultural enterprise in Georgia. Tens of thousands of goats are raised in Georgia for the production of meat and dairy products.
Courtesy of UGA College of Veterinary Medicine
The production and marketing of lamb meat and wool have been declining both nationally and in Georgia in recent decades. From a national high of nearly 40 million sheep in the 1940s, there are now about 7.5 million in the United States and fewer than 10,000 in Georgia.
Photograph by Mickey Champion
Though not a native Georgian, Henry Clay White spent most of his life in Athens, where he became a fixture of UGA's science program. He did much to advance the school's curriculum, even while making a name for himself in the international science community.
By 1951, when James V. Carmichael was just forty-one years old, he had become a successful and well-known businessman and politican.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
(Left to right) James V. Carmichael, general manager of the Bell Aircraft Corporation; Lawrence D. Bell, founder and president of Bell Aircraft; and Leon M. Blair, mayor of Marietta, enjoy a party at Blair's home in 1949. Carmichael holds a cane, which he walked with for most of his life, after being struck by a car at age sixteen.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #cob497a.
James V. Carmichael meets with the flight crew of the first B-29 bomber on the tarmac outside of a Lockheed Corporation hangar.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
The board of directors for the Lockheed Corporation meets in December 1951. That same year James V. Carmichael became the first general manager of Lockheed and served on the company's board of directors until 1972.
Courtesy of Atlanta History Center.
A former New York banker, Benjamin Hunt became known for his contributions to the dairy industry and livestock improvement in Putnam County and middle Georgia. Also recognized for horticultural experimentation and animal husbandry, Hunt had a lasting impact on the Georgia Piedmont.
A stereoscopic image of a flooded rice field in Savannah, circa 1880.
Photograph from O. Pierre Havens, Wikimedia
Rice has been cultivated on coastal Georgia's marshlands since the mid-eighteenth century.
Photograph from Keith Weller
Despite its huge importance to Georgia's economy, the rice industry was subject to relatively rigid geographical/environmental constraints, and it never utilized more than a small proportion of the available land in the Lowcountry, much less in Georgia as a whole. Even at its peak no more than 45,000 acres of land were devoted directly to rice production in Georgia.
Photograph by U.S. Department of Agriculture
A stereoscopic photograph of a Savannah rice plantation, circa 1885.
Photograph by D. J. Ryan, Wikimedia
Detroit automotive engineer Howard Coffin (right) visits with U.S. president Calvin Coolidge (left) on the porch of "The Big House"—the south-end tabby-stucco structure originally built by Thomas Spalding in 1810. Coffin owned much of Sapelo Island from 1912 to 1934.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # sap118.
Howard Coffin, a pioneer in the automobile industry, is credited with revitalizing Georgia's coast as a popular tourist destination. In the early 1900s Coffin owned all or part of Sea, St. Simons, and Sapelo islands.
Courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Harris & Ewing collection.
The highway coming from the right is the Old Federal Road, northwest Georgia's first vehicular way and the earliest postal route of this area. It began on the southeastern boundary of the Cherokees in the direction of Athens, linking Georgia and Tennessee across the Indian Country. Rights to open the thoroughfare were granted informally by the Cherokees in 1803 and confirmed in the 1805 Treaty of Tellico, Tennessee. 'Daniels,' an early stand and stage stop, on the old trace stood here.
Courtesy of Georgia Info, Digital Library of Georgia.
Shrimp, a delicacy for seafood lovers, are Georgia's most valuable seafood crop. Shrimpers harvest between 4.5 million and 9.5 million pounds of shrimp each year along the state's coast.
Courtesy of Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Two species of shrimp make up most of the catch in Georgia: white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) and brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus [pictured]).
Image from Robert Aguilar, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Between 4.5 million and 9.5 million pounds of heads-on shrimp are harvested annually in Georgia by a fleet of more than 500 boats (or trawlers), which are based all along the Georgia coast.
Image from Kevin
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is a world-class facility that serves national and international traffic for much of the world.
Image from Bryan Jones
The father of the state's aviation, Ben Epps was the first Georgian to build and fly an airplane. The Athens-Ben Epps Airport is named after him.
In 1925 Ben Epps unveiled his "light monoplane," a small single-seat aircraft. He wanted to make flying available to the average person.
Ben Epps (right) taught his children and many others to fly. His eldest son, Ben Epps Jr. (left), at age thirteen was at the time the youngest pilot ever to solo.
In the early 1930s Ben Epps and his teenage son Ben Epps Jr. became popular "barnstorming" stars of stunt flying and air races in Georgia.
Two of aviator pioneer Ben Epps's ten children pose in front of a biplane.
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is named for former Atlanta mayors William B. Hartsfield and Maynard Jackson. This image shows the airport's five runways and seven terminal concourses.
Photograph by David
Interior photos of the Terminal B Delta Sky Club at Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport. Hartsfield-Jackson is one of the busiest passenger airports in the world.
Courtesy of Delta News Hub, Photograph by Chris Rank.
The Knights of Labor played a pioneering role in organizing American and especially southern laborers. In Georgia the Knights gave workers an outlet for protest against low wages and harsh working conditions in relatively new industries, as well as the means to challenge Democratic dominance of local politics.
From Harper's Weekly
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