The New Georgia Encyclopedia is supported by funding from A More Perfect Union, a special initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Though scientists long believed that proto-whales may have been amphibious, the discovery of a nearly complete Georgiacetus skeleton by researchers at Georgia Southern University suggests that it was fully marine as depicted in this artist's rendering.
Photograph by Nobu Tamura
Three individual Georgiacetus whales were unearthed from 40-million-year-old sediments during the construction of Plant Vogtle. Researchers named the fossils Goergiacetus vogtlensis, meaning "Georgia Whale from Plant Vogtle."
Courtesy of Georgia Southern University Museum
The living Georgiacetus whale was estimated to be eleven feet long, based on the skull, which was itself about thirty inches long.
Courtesy Georgia Southern University Museum
The Georgiacetus whale, an early ancestor of the modern whale, lived in the shallow sea that covered Georgia during the Eocene epoch (of the Paleogene period). The whale's hind legs and hips were functional.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
A reconstruction of Georgiacetus can be seen at the Georgia Southern University Museum in Statesboro. Georgia Southern researchers discovered and recovered a Georgiacetus skeleton in the mid-1980s.
Courtesy of Georgia Southern University Museum
William G. Bonner's Pocket Map of the State of Georgia was published in Milledgeville in 1851. Bonner was a civil engineer who published a series of pocket maps in the mid-nineteenth century.
Eliza Ann Grier was the first African American woman licensed to practice medicine in the state of Georgia. After her graduation in 1897 from the Woman's Medical College in Pennsylvania (later part of Drexel University College of Medicine), she practiced in Atlanta for a few years.
Image from National Library of Medicine
Henry Rutherford Butler, pictured circa 1883, was a prominent physician and pharmacist on Atlanta's Sweet Auburn Avenue in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His wife, Selena Sloan Butler, was a well-known education advocate in the city.
Courtesy of Archives Division, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System
Henry Rutherford Butler, a pioneer in medicine and health care for African Americans, served in 1891 as surgeon of the Second Georgia Battalion, Colored Volunteers, with the rank of first lieutenant. That same year Rutherford began his medical practice on Atlanta's Wheat Street (later Auburn Avenue).
Courtesy of Archives Division, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System
Thomas Heathe Slater (third row, far right) and Henry Rutherford Butler (top row, fourth from left) were classmates together at Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee. After graduating in 1890, they became the first African Americans to obtain a pharmacy license in Georgia. In 1891 the two opened a drugstore together in Atlanta and operated it for two decades.
Courtesy of Archives Division, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System
Members of the operating room staff at the Medical Department of UGA (later Georgia Health Sciences University) in Augusta are pictured in the early 1900s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ric034.
The original building on the campus of Georgia Health Sciences University, completed in Augusta in 1837, was designed by the architect Charles B. Cluskey. The structure, Cluskey's first major building, is an excellent example of the Greek revival style.
Courtesy of Georgia Health Sciences University
Milton M. Antony, a physician in Augusta, was instrumental in the 1828 founding of the Medical Academy of Georgia, which later became Georgia Health Sciences University.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
The city hospital in Augusta, built in 1818, served as the first home for Georgia Health Sciences University, from 1828 until the mid-1830s.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
A new city hospital in Augusta, which opened in 1869 and served for many years as the clinical training site for students at the Medical Department of UGA (later Georgia Health Sciences University), is pictured in 1894, following a renovation.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
University Hospital, completed in Augusta in 1915, was built for the Medical Department of UGA (later Georgia Health Sciences University) with the city's backing.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
The Newton Building, on the campus of the Medical College of Georgia (later Georgia Health Sciences University) in Augusta, was occupied by the college from 1913 until 1956. The structure was demolished in 1960.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
University Hospital, part of Georgia Health Sciences University in Augusta, was expanded in the mid-1930s as part of an effort to restore the good rating of the college and its membership in the Association of American Medical Colleges.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
G. Lombard Kelly served as dean of the Medical College of Georgia (later Georgia Health Sciences University) from 1934 until 1950, and as the college's first president from 1950 to 1953.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
The Eugene Talmadge Memorial Hospital in Augusta, built by the state for the Medical College of Georgia (later Georgia Health Sciences University), opened in June 1956 with six buildings.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
Transgenic, or genetically modified, tobacco plants grow in the laboratory of geneticist Richard Meagher at the University of Georgia.
Photograph by Sarah E. McKee, New Georgia Encyclopedia
A tobacco farm in south Georgia. While researchers in Georgia have made advances in the field of genetic engineering to develop crops that are resistant to weeds and insects, most genetics research on tobacco in the state examines the plant's impact on public health.
Photograph from CAES Newsire, University of Georgia
Georgia is the top producer of peanuts in the United States. Farmers in the state rely on genetics research, conducted at the National Peanut Research Laboratory in Dawson, the University of Georgia Tifton campus, and the Georgia Experiment Station in Griffin, to enhance peanut plants for higher yield and quality.
Courtesy of Special Collections & Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta Journal-Constitution Photographic Archive.
One of the many innovations introduced by Naomi Chapman Woodroof, an early pioneer in peanut research, was the use of bedsprings to separate peanuts from the plant during harvest. Woodroof worked at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station (later University of Georgia Tifton campus) from 1933 to 1967.
Courtesy of Jane Woodroof Akers
Transgenic arabidopsis plants grow in the laboratory of geneticist Richard Meagher at the University of Georgia. Arabidopsis plants are commonly used in genetic engineering research because they grow and produce seeds quickly, allowing researchers to produce many generations in a relatively short period of time.
Photograph by Sarah E. McKee, New Georgia Encyclopedia
A gene gun shoots small gold particles coated with selected genes from one organism into the plasma membrane of a target organism. The genes contain information for desirable traits, such as disease resistance, that researchers hope will be expressed by the target organism.
Photograph by Sarah E. McKee, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Arabidopsis seedlings genetically engineered to resist toxic heavy metals grow on the right side of a petri dish in Richard Meagher's genetics laboratory at the University of Georgia. (Wild-type plants grow on the left.) Plants resistant to heavy metals and other toxins are used to clean the environment in a process known as phytoremediation.
Photograph by Melissa Pischke LeBlanc
Genetically engineered, or transgenic, pearl millet plants grow in the lab of Peggy Ozais-Akins at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station (later University of Georgia Tifton campus) in Tifton. Ozais-Akins developed a system to make a transgenic pearl millet cell that can be genetically modified quickly and then coaxed to grow into a fertile plant.
Courtesy of Peggy Ozais-Akins
Transgenic (genetically modified) yellow poplar trees grow in the laboratory of geneticist Richard Meagher at the University of Georgia. Researchers at UGA engineered a strain of yellow poplar capable of growing in soil contaminated with mercury and converting the metal into a less harmful form. The process of using plants to remove toxins from the environment is called phytoremediation.
Photograph by Sarah E. McKee, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Cotton plays a significant role in the state's economy. In order to increase crop yield and minimize dangerous pesticide use, many Georgia farmers grow cotton plants that are genetically modified to resist insects and specific herbicides. By 2004 such transgenic cotton accounted for 95 percent of Georgia's total crop.
Courtesy of Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Budworms are pest insects that cause significant problems for cotton farmers in Georgia. Through advances in genetic engineering, scientists have developed a cotton plant resistant to budworms and other pests, including bollworms and spider mites.
Courtesy of Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Piedmont Hospital, located in the Buckhead community of Atlanta, is a private, not-for-profit institution founded in 1905. An acute tertiary-care facility, Piedmont Hospital is the flagship institution of Piedmont Healthcare.
Courtesy of Piedmont Hospital Archives
The first facility for Piedmont Hospital, pictured circa 1915, was a fifteen-room home located at the corner of Capitol Avenue and Crumley Street in downtown Atlanta. The hospital, founded in 1905 as Piedmont Sanatorium, remained in this location until 1957.
Courtesy of Piedmont Hospital Archives
Dr. Ludwig Amster, a specialist in gastrointestinal diseases, stands outside the Piedmont Sanatorium circa 1920. Amster founded the facility, known today as Piedmont Hospital, in 1905 with surgeon Dr. Floyd W. McRae Sr.
Courtesy of Piedmont Hospital Archives
Dr. Floyd W. McRae Sr., pictured in 1895, was a surgeon and the cofounder of Piedmont Sanatorium (later Piedmont Hospital), which opened in 1905 in downtown Atlanta.
Photograph from C. W. Motes, in Piedmont Hospital Archives
In 1957 Piedmont Hosptial, pictured circa 1960, moved from downtown Atlanta to the Buckhead community of Atlanta. At that time the facility had 250 beds and a staff of 127 physicians.
Courtesy of Piedmont Hospital Archives
Congregation Mickve Israel in Savannah is the oldest Jewish congregation in the South and the third oldest in the United States. The congregation was founded during the establishment of the colony in 1733, and the current temple building was completed in 1878.
Photograph by Mark Kortum
Strata of nonmarine sediments are pictured just across the state line in Phenix City, Alabama. Alternating layers of marine and nonmarine rock formations in the Coastal Plain reveal that long-term fluctuations in sea level occurred in Georgia throughout the Late Cretaceous period.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
One end of Georgia's fall line, which marks the boundary between the hard rocks of the Piedmont geologic province and the softer rocks of the Coastal Plain, is located in Columbus. Marked by waterfalls and rapids, the fall line stretches across the state to Augusta.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
High Falls is located along the fall line at High Falls State Park in Butts County. The fall line crosses the state from Augusta to Columbus and marks the point at which the hard rocks of the Piedmont meet the softer rocks of the Coastal Plain.
Image from Stephen Rahn
Georgia encompasses parts of five distinct geographic regions: the Appalachian Plateau, the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, the Piedmont, and the Coastal Plain.
Courtesy of Pamela J. W. Gore
Rock cores dating from the Triassic Period represent the oldest geologic layer in Georgia, which is composed of red sandstones, conglomerates, shales, and other nonmarine sediments. Triassic-age rocks are not visible at the surface in Georgia and were detected through seismic profiling and deep drilling.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
This fossil of a Late Cretaceous clam, Crassatellites roodensis, features a hole bored by a type of snail known as a naticid. Such holes were a cause of mortality for many clam species during this period.
Photograph by David R. Schwimmer
The Late Cretaceous oyster, Crassostrea cusseta, pictured alongside a hammer measuring 33 centimeters in length, could grow to 60 centimeters. This specimen was found at the Blufftown Formation in Stewart County.
Photograph by David R. Schwimmer
Providence Canyon, in Stewart County, reveals the white Providence Sand, which dates to the Late Cretaceous period, lying beneath the reddish Clayton Formation, which formed during the Paleogene period.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
Pictured near Perry, in Houston County, the Tivola Limestone formed during the Late Eocene epoch, when sea levels in the region were particularly high. The Tivola is considered to be an extension of the Ocala Limestone, a white, fossiliferous limestone that formed during the Late Eocene in the Dougherty Plain of southwest Georgia.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
Georgiaites, or tektites, are natural glasses formed when an asteroid or meteorite collides with the earth. Many scientists believe that georgiaites formed as a result of the meteorite impact that created the Chesapeake Bay Crater in Virginia around 35 million years ago.
Photograph by Edward Albin
The state capitol building, completed in 1889, features a cornerstone, interior floor and steps, and many walls made of Georgia marble. Marble mined in the state was also used to construct 60 percent of the monuments and the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.
Courtesy of Explore Georgia, Photograph by Ralph Daniel.
A gang saw at the first plant built by the Georgia Marble Company in Pickens County is pictured circa 1885. The company was founded in 1884 by Samuel Tate, who in the 1830s purchased large tracts of land containing marble in north Georgia.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # pck285-85.
Colonel Sam Tate (second from left), the grandson of Georgia Marble Company founder Samuel Tate, poses with a group of foremen at the Pickens County plant, circa 1925. Colonel Sam served as president of the company from 1905 until his death in 1938.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # pck111-82.
Colonel Sam Tate, the president of the Georgia Marble Company, oversees the production of a marble bench in the Pickens County plant, circa 1930. The marble industry in the state prospered during the early 1930s but suffered losses from 1933 through the rest of the decade.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # pck250-85.
Sacks of ground or pulverized marble are produced at the Calcium Products Division of the Georgia Marble Company in Tate (Pickens County), circa 1950. The division was created in 1947 to sell "waste" marble, which is used as filler in paints and plastics. Ground marble products became the company's main product by the late 1980s.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #pck253-85.
Marble slabs used to make columns during reconstruction work on the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., are cut at the Georgia Marble Company in Pickens County, circa 1958.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, # pck043-82.
Workers for the Georgia Marble Company sit for a portrait during the 1920s at the Marblehill Quarry in Pickens County. Marble from Pickens County is reported to have been used in around 60 percent of the monuments in Washington, D.C.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
pck018-82.
Graduates of Saint Joseph's Nursing School in Atlanta pose in 1906. The nursing school opened in 1900 and operated until 1973, graduating a total of more than 1,300 nurses.
Courtesy of Saint Joseph's Hospital
Saint Joseph's Hospital, located on a thirty-two-acre campus in north Atlanta since 1973, is the oldest medical facility in Atlanta. Founded by Catholic nuns in 1880, Saint Joseph's is nationally recognized for excellence in both patient care and research.
Courtesy of Saint Joseph's Hospital
Saint Joseph's Hospital in Atlanta has been a forerunner in the Southeast for developing surgical procedures, from performing the region's first open-heart surgery in 1957 to utilizing minimally invasive robotic surgery in the twenty-first century.
Courtesy of Saint Joseph's Hospital
Saint Joseph's Hospital, originally known as Atlanta Hospital, first opened in a home on Baker Street in Atlanta. The facility later moved to a building on Courtland Street before dedicating its current location in north Atlanta in 1973.
Courtesy of Saint Joseph's Hospital
As part of its original mission to offer medical care to the poor, Saint Joseph's Hospital in Atlanta operates the Mercy Care Services program, which includes two health clinics and eight mobile satellite locations as of 2007.
Courtesy of Saint Joseph's Hospital
Leila Denmark, a pediatrician in Alpharetta, examines a patient. Denmark opened her practice in 1931 and retired in 2001, at the age of 103, as the oldest practicing pediatrician in the nation. In addition to running her private practice, Denmark conducted research that led to the development of the pertussis (or whooping cough) vaccine.
Courtesy of Jack Tarver Library Special Collections, Mercer University
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta was formed in 1998 by the merger of Egleston Children's Health Care System and the Scottish Rite Children's Medical Center. A not-for-profit pediatric hospital, Children's served approximately 493,000 patients in 2005.
Courtesy of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
The Scottish Rite Convalescent Home for Crippled Children, pictured circa 1916, consisted of two wood-frame cottages. The facility opened in Decatur in 1915 and provided post-surgical care to indigent children.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
dek014.
In 2003 Dante Priebe (right) underwent a successful liver-transplant operation, performed by Dr. Thomas Heffron (left) at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta.
Courtesy of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
Patients at the Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children in Decatur are pictured circa 1920. Founded in 1915, the Scottish Rite Hospital merged with the Henrietta Egleston Hospital for Children in 1998 to form Children's Healthcare of Atlanta.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
dek022.
Exposed layers of sandstone are visible in the walls of Cloudland Canyon, part of the Appalachain Plateau geologic province in the northwest corner of Georgia. The vegetated slopes below the sandstone contain gray shale with interbedded sandstone, siderite, and coal.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
Lookout Mountain, located in Dade County, is part of the Appalachian Plateau geologic province. Georgia shares the mountain with Alabama and Tennessee.
Image from Andy Montgomery
Rock Town, located on Pigeon Mountain in Walker County, is a natural rock formation composed of sandstone layers interbedded with shales. Pigeon Mountain is part of the Appalachian Plateau geologic province.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Emory University Hospital, located on the campus of Emory University in Atlanta, is a tertiary care facility. Staffed by 1500 physicians, the facility has been the site of several important milestones in the medical history of Georgia, including the performance of the state's first heart, kidney, and lung transplants.
Courtesy of Emory University Hospital
A class of graduating nurses poses outside Wesley Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, later Emory University Hospital, in 1916. Wesley Memorial, chartered in 1904, was located in a mansion on Courtland Street until 1922, when the hospital moved to the Emory University campus in DeKalb County.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ful0408.
Students in the Out of School Girls Project, instituted by CARE in 2003, attend school in Afghanistan. CARE, an Atlanta-based humanitarian organization, focuses on the education of women as one means toward fulfilling its mission of eradicating global poverty.
Courtesy of CARE, Photograph by Phil Borges.
Clara Chinyama, with her daughter Alinafe, poses at the construction site of her new tea shop in Malawi. The shop is funded through a savings and loan program provided by CARE, an Atlanta-based organization that works with women around the world to overcome poverty, disease, and environmental problems.
Courtesy of CARE, Photograph by Valenda Campbell.
Rhesus macaques are among the seven species of nonhuman primates studied at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, based in Atlanta at Emory University. These macaques are pictured at the center's field station in Lawrenceville.
Courtesy of Yerkes National Primate Research Center
The main center of the Yerkes National Primate Research Center comprises the Neuroscience Building (left), the original building (center), and the Emory Vaccine Center (right). Emory University assumed ownership of the center in 1956.
Courtesy of Yerkes National Primate Research Center
Robert Mearns Yerkes, pictured in Orange Park, Florida, founded the Yale Laboratories of Primate Biology in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1928. A year later the facility moved to Orange Park, where it remained until Yerkes's death in 1956. The center was renamed in his honor and relocated to Emory University in Atlanta that same year.
Courtesy of Yerkes National Primate Research Center
A researcher at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, based at Emory University in Atlanta, works in the Biomarkers Core laboratory. The biomedical research conducted at the center helps to provide treatment and prevention strategies for human illnesses.
Courtesy of Yerkes National Primate Research Center
Arthritis Today, a bimonthly magazine produced by the Arthritis Foundation, provides information and support to arthritis patients around the country. Established in 1948 and based in Atlanta, the Arthritis Foundation is the largest voluntary health organization in the United States.
Photograph by Daniel Mayer
The Fernbank Science Center in Atlanta offers a variety of science education programs to the public in its planetarium, observatory, and exhibit hall. The center also offers tours through the Fernbank Forest, a sixty-five acre primeval forest adjoining the center's grounds.
Courtesy of Fernbank Science Center
One of the few stands of original oak and hickory forests remaining in Georgia is located at Fernbank Forest in Atlanta. Trail guides at the Fernbank Science Center offer programs in the forest for both students and the general public throughout the year.
Courtesy of Fernbank Science Center
The Jim Cherry Memorial Planetarium at the Fernbank Science Center in Atlanta houses more than 200 projectors, including the Carl Zeiss Mark V projector, which are used to simulate the night sky for students and visitors.
Image from Ryan Stavely
Pine Mountain, located in Harris County, is part of the Piedmont geologic province. Located between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont forms the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, which formed during the Paleozoic era.
Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development.
The Chattahoochee River flows through Columbus, one of the cities located along the fall line marking the boundary between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain geologic provinces. The hard rocks of the Piedmont form outcrops that create rapids and waterfalls along the fall line.
Photograph by andrewI04
Ammonites, now extinct, were a type of cephalopod found in the Coastal Plain during the Late Cretaceous. This specimen of Placenticeras benningi measures 10 centimeters in diameter and was found at the Eutaw Formation in Chattahoochee County.
Photograph by David R. Schwimmer
The state fossil of Georgia is the tooth of Carcharocles megalodon, a large shark that became extinct at the end of the Pliocene period. The pictured specimen, which dates to the Late Miocene, was found near Savannah and measures 11 centimeters.
Photograph by David R. Schwimmer
This specimen of Exogyra erraticostata, an oyster common during the Late Cretaceous period on Georgia's Coastal Plain, was found at the Blufftown Formation in Stewart County. It measures approximately 12 centimeters.
Photograph by David R. Schwimmer
This composite reconstruction of a skull of Deinosuchus rugosus, a giant crocodylian found on the Coastal Plain of Georgia during the Late Cretaceous, measures 1.1 meters. The crocodylians were larger than the carnivorous dinosaurs found along the coast and are believed to have been the top predators in the region around 82 to 75 million years ago.
From King of the Crocodylians, by D. R. Schwimmer. Reproduced by permission of David R. Schwimmer
This molar tooth of the mastodon Mammut americanum, with a crown length of 14 centimeters, was found in Stewart County. Both mastodons and mammoths roamed the Coastal Plain during the Ice Age.
Photograph by David R. Schwimmer
This specimen of Late Cretaceous wood, preserved as lignite, was found at the Eutaw Formation in Chattahoochee County. The wood contains holes that were bored by clams, or "shipworms."
Photograph by David R. Schwimmer
Fossilized crab burrows on Cumberland Island were formed in sand deposits during the Pleistocene. Such burrows are found throughout the barrier islands and are typically about one meter deep.
Photograph by David R. Schwimmer
The Rising Fawn thrust fault, located in the Valley and Ridge geologic province of northwest Georgia, was formed during the Alleghanian orogeny, the third mountain-building event of the Paleozoic Era.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
Rock strata of Taylor Ridge, part of the Valley and Ridge geographic province, are visible from Interstate 75, which runs through Ringgold Gap in northwest Georgia. The ridges of the province are formed of hard layers of sandstone or chert, while the valleys are composed of softer shale and limestone.
Courtesy of Tim Chowns
Slate folds, which formed during the mountain-building events of the Paleozoic Era, are visible around Rockmart in the Valley and Ridge geologic province of northwest Georgia.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
Jin-Xiong She, the director of the Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine at the Medical College of Georgia (later Georgia Health Sciences University) in Augusta, observes a researcher at work, circa 2006. The center engages in interdisciplinary research to develop treatments for such diseases as diabetes and cancer.
Photograph by Phil Jones
Mark Bouzyk, director of the Center for Medical Genomics at Emory University, watches a research assistant prepare samples for DNA extraction. Emory supports one of the nation's largest academic genetics departments.
Photograph by Janet Nichols
Georgia Health Sciences University in Augusta supports the Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, which promotes genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics research in an interdisciplinary setting.
Photograph by Phil Jones
The Athens Garden Club installed a marker at the grave site of Malthus Ward, the first professor of natural history at the University of Georgia, in 1987. After leaving the university in 1842, Ward opened a commercial garden in Athens and founded the Horticultural Society of Georgia.
Photograph by LeAnna Biles Schooley
Trees planted by natural historian Malthus Ward during the 1830s still stand outside his former home on Dearing Street in Athens. During his tenure as a professor at the University of Georgia, Ward maintained a botanical garden on the property.
Photograph by LeAnna Biles Schooley
Robert B. Greenblatt, a native of Montreal, Canada, is credited with pioneering the discipline of endocrinology during his tenure at the Medical College of Georgia (later Georgia Health Sciences University) in Augusta, where he served as chair of the endocrinology department from 1946 to 1972.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
During World War II, noted endocrinologist Robert B. Greenblatt joined the U.S. Navy. During his service, Greenblatt studied the effects of the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.
Courtesy of Historical Collections and Archives, Robert B. Greenblatt, M.D. Library, Georgia Health Sciences University
In 1988 the library at Georgia Health Sciences University in Augusta was renamed in memory of Robert B. Greenblatt, the renowned endocrinologist who performed groundbreaking infertility research at the institution.
Photograph by Phil Jones, Georgia Health Sciences University
The Powell Building at Central State Hospital near Milledgeville was the original building of the Georgia Lunatic Asylum when it first opened in 1842. Named after Superintendent Theophilus O. Powell (1837–1907), the building's role changed multiple times over its long history, most recently serving as an administrative center for Central State Hospital.
Courtesy of Jonathan D. Hepworth, New Georgia Encyclopedia
The main building of the Georgia Lunatic Asylum (now called the Powell Building of Central State Hospital) near Milledgeville first opened to receive patients in 1842. This engraving of the domed building is taken from an 1861 report by the asylum.
From Duke University
By the time this bird's eye drawing was made for the 1913 Georgia State Sanitarium report, the institution had expanded substantially beyond the domed Powell Building (left center). A convalescent female ward (bottom right) was mirrored by a convalescent male ward (bottom left), while an overcrowded building for African Americans had been recently completed (top, center fold). The "twin buildings" (x-shaped, top left) housed white male patients and were connected by a kitchen and dining complex. The sanitarium's farm stretched out beyond.
From University of Georgia Libraries
The Jones Building at Central State Hospital was completed in the late 1920s. It originally housed the Psychopathic Hospital of Milledgeville State Hospital. Largely abandoned a decade ago, its condition has deteriorated extensively as shown in this 2021 photo.
Courtesy of Jonathan D. Hepworth, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Central State Hospital in Milledgeville, pictured in 2000, has provided mental health care in Georgia since 1837. Today the hospital's services include specialized care as well as secure facilities for the state's criminal justice system.
Courtesy of Central State Hospital
This tinted postcard of the Georgia State Sanitarium (later Central State Hospital) depicts the grounds of the institution circa 1905. During this time the hospital was under the leadership of Theophilus O. Powell, who implemented more precise methods of diagnosis.
Courtesy of Melinda Smith Mullikin, New Georgia Encyclopedia
Lula Lake and Lula Falls in Walker County showcase Georgia's natural geologic beauty, which draws visitors to the state each year.
Image from Jeff Moore
The unconsolidated sandstone bluffs of Providence Canyon in Stewart County were formed during the Cretaceous Period and are among the oldest exposed Coastal Plains rock formations in the state.
Courtesy of Matthew M. Moye
Sand dunes form along the coast of Cumberland Island off the coast of Georgia. Dunes are the primary geological feature of the state's barrier islands and represent the youngest geological deposits in the state.
Image from anoldent
The Oglesby Quarry in Elberton, abandoned in 2003, is one of the many granite quarries to contribute to Georgia's economy. Formed approximately 1 billion years ago, granite is one of the oldest rock types found in Georgia.
Photograph by Clay Ouzts
Tallulah Falls are today part of the Tallulah Gorge State Park in northeast Georgia.
Image from Rain0975
The Grenville gneisses were formed around 1 billion years ago during the Grenville Orogeny. The oldest rocks in Georgia, these gneisses form the "basement" upon which younger rocks were deposited during the formation of the Appalachian mountain chain.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
The Chattanooga Shale, located in northwest Georgia, was formed approximately 350 million years ago, when the area was covered by a shallow sea.
Photograph by Pamela J. W. Gore
Stone Mountain Park encompasses 3,200 acres just sixteen miles east of downtown Atlanta. Formed around 300 million years ago during the Paleozoic Era, the mountain itself is the world's largest mass of exposed granite.
Image from Darryl Pierce
Charles Herty (seated, fourth from left) is pictured with staff members at his Savannah Pulp and Paper Laboratory, circa 1933. Herty founded the lab in 1931 to develop techniques for producing newsprint from southern pine trees.
Courtesy of Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia, #
ctm033.
Charles Herty, a native of Milledgeville, was a renowned chemist known for his contributions to both the forestry and paper industries during his career. While a professor at the University of Georgia in the 1890s, Herty also established the university's athletic program.
Courtesy of Georgia Historical Society, Foltz Photography Studio (Savannah, Ga.), photographs, 1899-1960, #1360-25-10-14.
University of Georgia students play baseball in 1893 at a field located on the northwest corner of campus. Charles Herty, a chemistry professor who was named director of the Department of Physical Culture at UGA in 1894, enlarged the field and built a grandstand in 1896. The site was later named Herty Field in his honor.
